BCHM 3050 1st Edition Lecture 10 Outline of Last Lecture I Mad Cow Prions II Fibrous Proteins III Collagen IV Globular Proteins Myoglobin vs Hemoglobin V Oxygen Binding Equilibrium Curves VI Effects of pH on Oxygen Binding Outline of Current Lecture I Enzymes II Introductory Terminology III Models for Enzyme Action IV Energy Changes During the Progress of a Reaction V Six Classes of Enzymes a Oxidoreductases b Transferases c Hydrolases d Lysases e Isomerases f Ligases Current Lecture I II Enzymes a Enzymes facilitate the reaction but they don t participate b Not altered in process or consumed c Come out of reaction unaltered and go on to facilitate another reaction Introductory Terminology a Substrates reactants left side of the equation b Products right side of the equation c Active site of the enzyme receives the substrates These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute III IV V d Transition state intermediate form it has properties of both the substrate and the product supplies energy point where the highest energy is present Models for Enzyme Action a Enzymes are not as rigid as one thought Lock Key b They are much more flexible and dynamic Induced Fit c Induced fit has been confirmed by X ray crystallography Energy Changes During the Progress of a Reaction a Activation Energy is the amount of energy required to reach the transition state threshold for a chemical reaction b Free energy is the difference in energy between the products vs reactants c Measuring how fast the reaction is happening and forming a product d Reactions could still occur without enzymes but it would take a lot longer and more energy e Substrate has more energy than the product exothermic reactions f Activation energy energy requires to get G1 to the transition state which is much lesser when an enzyme is present g Enzymes lower the activation energy but they do not alter the amount of energy in the substrate and product different in free energy between the substrate and the product does not change Six Classes of Enzymes a Oxidoreductases i LEO Lose of Electrons is Oxidation ii GER Gain Electrons is Reduction iii OH is oxidized in the reaction iv Most oxidation reduction reactions have co factors like NAD which is getting reduced in this reaction v Occurs when consume too much alcohol damages the livers vi Acetaldehyde is toxic damages the liver vii Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase produces acetyl CoA b Transferases i Transfer a functional group from one molecule to another ii Ex Phosphate group from ATP is added to Glucose c Hydrolases i Water chops molecules into different parts breaks down the molecule ii Water must be present iii Breaks down one into many iv Present in snake venom v Snake venom is a neurotoxin d Lysases i Breaks down a molecule removes part of a molecule in the absence of water ii Hydrolase is similar but needs water to break down the molecule e Isomerases f i Molecule is converted to its isomer ii See two molecules with a double headed arrow between them iii No water present nothing breaking off etc iv Shift phosphate group from one position to another Ligases i Join two molecule together ii Ligases usually function in the presence of ATP iii Break down ATP energy
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