BCHM 3050 1st Edition Lecture 24 Outline of Last Lecture I. Introduction to TranslationII. Cracking of the Genetic CodeIII. The Complete mRNA Genetic CodeIV. Codons vs. AnticodonsV. The “Wobble” HypothesisVI. Formation of Aminoacyl-tRNAsVII. Requirements for Protein SynthesisVIII. Ribosome StructureIX. Formation of the Prokaryotic Initiation ComplexX. Peptide ElongationOutline of Current Lecture I. Formation of the Prokaryotic Initiation Complex (continued)II. Peptide ElongationIII. Peptide Bond FormationIV. Termination of TranslationV. Some Transitional Differences in EukaryotesCurrent LectureI. Formation of the Prokaryotic Initiation Complex (continued)a. Shine-Dalgarno sequence is an untranslated regionb. Cap – 5’ UTR (Shine-Dalgaro) – Exons – 3’UTR -- Tailc. Purpose of all initiation factors to get the first AUG binded to the P site, then theyall fall offd. This ends initiation of prokaryotic translationII. Peptide ElongationThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a. IF = Initiation factorsb. EF = Elongation factorsc. EF-TU brings aminoacyl-tRNA to the A sited. Adding a new aminoacyl-tRNA requires energy which is provided by GTPIII. Peptide Bond Formationa. Movement of the ribosome requires energy which is required by EF-G-GTPb. Moves completed tRNA to E site, tRNA with multiple amino acids sits at P site, and leaves A site empty again as ribosome slidesIV. Termination of Translationa. Termination occurs when ribosome hits s stop codonb. Release factor binds to the stop codonc. mRNA falls off, ribosome disassembles d. All happening in the cytoplasm of the celle. Transcription and translation are tightly coupled in prokaryotesf. Polysomes – multiple ribosomes attaching to the same mRNA and translation andtranscription are all happening in the same placeg. In Eukaryotes – transcription happens in the nucleus and translation happens in the cytoplasm as the coupling seen in prokaryotes does not occur in eukaryotesV. Some Transitional Differences in Eukaryotesa. Eukaryote ribosome is heavier and more complicatedb. Eukaryotes – processing, capping, removing introns occurs (which doesn’t occur in prokaryotes)c. Shine-Dalgarno recognized by the rRNA in prokaryotesd. Prokaryote transcription is much
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