BCHM 3050 1st editionExam # 5 Study Guide Lecture 36 (April 17)About how many protons are generated for 1 molecule of glucose? 1 NADH? 1 FADH2?- About 104 protons in the intermembrane space for 1 molecule of glucose- NADH goes through complex 1, 2, 3, 4 à 10 protons per 1 NADH- FADH2 goes through complex 2, 3, 4 à 6 protons per 1 FADH2What effect do proton gradients have?- Imbalance of chemical charges will cause the charges to be pushed back to the matrix to even out the charges causing ATP to be synthesized (Chemi-Osmotic Coupling Theory)- The movement of protons back into the matrix is known as the “proton motive force”What is the Chemiosmotic Theory?- The part of the enzyme sticking out of the matrix is what synthesizes ATP- Low pH and highly acidic space due to the high proton accumulation is located in the intermembrane space- Note: secretion/leakage of protons is due to the fact that the outermembrane is a bit more permeable to protons than the inner membrane.- You can up tin certain molecules to disrupt the flow of protons back into the matrix- Big difference in the voltage in the matrix versus the intermembrane spaceDescribe the structure and function on ATP Synthase.- F0 is embedded while F1 is free-floating- A and C work together to get the protons into the matrix- When proton gets into the C complex, it will initiate movement of the rest of the complex- Beta – active sites, where reactions happen, synthesis of ATP- 3 subunits of beta so can get 3 ATPs at the same time- Gamma – expose beta to ADP and inorganic phosphate- Alpha – regulatory site- Binding of protons happens through the interface of A and C and is released fromC into the matrixHow does the beta subunit of ATP Synthase work to synthesize ATP using protons?- When 1 proton enters the matrix, ADP and inorganic phosphate bind and beta changes conformation from open into the loose form à 2nd proton into the matrix changes beta to the tight conformation and beta synthesizes ATP à 3rd proton the tight becomes open and releases an ATPLecture 37 (April 20)How much ATP is produce by the complete oxidation of a hexose? 1 pyruvate molecule?o 1 glucose: Substrate level phosphorylation = 2 ATP (glycolysis) SLP = 2 ATP (TCA) à 2 pyruvates NADH = 10 FADH2 = 2 NADH = 8 (Complex I) NADH = 2 (Complex 2) FADHs = 2 (Complex 2) # ATP = 10(2.5) + 2(1.5) + 4o 1 pyruvate: 1 NADH (Acetyl CoA) 3 NADH (TCA) 1 FADH2 1 ATP (SLP) # ATP = 4(2.5) + 1(1.5) + 1 = 12.5How does the production of ATP differ when in the liver versus the muscle/brain cells?o Liver: NADH: 10 à Complex 1 [10 protons per NADH] FADH2: 2 à Complex II [6 protons per FADH2] 100 + 12 = 112 protons 112/4 = 28 ATP Theoretical yield: 28 + 4 = 32 ATPo Muscle/Brain: NADH: 8 à Complex I NADH: 2 à Complex III FADH2: 2 à Complex II 8 x 10 = 80 protons 2 x 6 = 12 protons 2 x 6 = 12 protons 80 + 12 + 12 = 104 104/4/ = 26 ATP Theoretical yield: 26 + 4 = 30
View Full Document
Unlocking...