BCHM 3050 001 Essential Elements of Biochemistry Spring 2015 Dr Srikripa Chandrasekaran Dr Sri Lecture 1 1 7 2015 Introduction to the Course I Tips for success in the class A Avoid cramming the night before an exam study early a little everyday memorization and understanding B Attend class regularly C Study regularly D Do not hesitate to ask for help see the syllabus for office hours and II III tutoring services E Complete assignments regularly and on time F Get into groups and share notes with classmates in order to better study and complete lecture notes group studying can help you understand material and facilitates discussion G Refer to the syllabus for routine questions office hours office location exam dates class policies etc In class quizzes are each about 5 10 points H Complete the Sapling Learning online assignments Quizzes and assignments A B No dropping quizzes C Quizzes make up 50 points of total semester grade D Will drop the lowest Sapling assignment Peacock A The peacock is the national bird of India Dr Sri s home country B The color of the pigment of a peacock is brown i Iridescence is the phenomenon that causes the many beautiful colors of the peacock Iridescence arrangement of something on its body that causes it to refract light Flamingo shrimp hummingbird and some fish are also examples of animals that utilize iridescence a b Chitin allows this phenomenon as well chitin is a Iridescence is made possible by proteins and carbohydrates carbohydrate IV What is life A All life obeys the same chemical and physical laws Life is complex and dynamic Life is organized and self sustaining Life is cellular Life is information based Life adapts and evolves B Water is an important macromolecule in organisms ii iii i ii iii iv v 1 V VI Hierarchical organization A Atom carbon molecule DNA organelle nucleus cell hepatocyte tissue liver sinusoid organ liver organ system digestive organism human Biological hierarchy A Atoms molecule DNA cell neuron tissue nervous tissue organ brain organ system nervous system individual one particular emperor angelfish population all the emperor angelfish living on one coral reef community one coral reef ecosystem tropical coral reef biome ocean biosphere whole Earth B Costa Rica is an example of a rich ecosystem many different ecosystems together ocean forests etc VII Metric Scale A 1 meter m 103 millimeter mm 106 micrometer m 109 nanometer nm B Conversions 1 mm 1 25 inch in 1 cm 2 5 in 10 cm 3 9 10 in 1 m 3 feet ft 10 m 32 ft C Microscopes and the naked eye i ii iii iv v i ii iii Electron microscope and other special types of microscopes 0 nm to 100 m Light microscope 1 m to 1 m Naked eye 1 mm and larger i ii D Scales of atoms molecules cells and tissues Atoms are in the scale of nanometers Molecules are in the scale of higher nanometers almost micrometers Cells are in the scale of micrometers Tissues are a few millimeteres iii iv VIII Quantifying size A Aerial view of Clemson 1 km 103 m 106 mm 109 m 1012 nm B Looking at a pin 2 x 10 5 km 2 x 10 2 m 20 mm 2 x 104 m 2 x IX 107 nm C Size of a cell 10 8 km 10 5 m 10 2 mm 10 m 104 nm Water and the human body A Water makes up 72 of the human body B Lungs 90 water C Blood 82 water D Skin 80 water E Muscle 75 water F Brain 70 water 2 X XI G Bones 22 water What does water do for you A Forms saliva digestion B Keeps mucosal membranes moist C Allows body s cells to grow reproduce and survive D Flushes body waste mainly in urine E Lubricates joints F Water is the major component of most body parts G Needed by the brain to manufacture hormones and neurotransmitters H Regulates body temperature sweating and respiration I Acts as a shock absorber for brain and spinal cord J Converts food to components needed for survival digestion K Helps deliver oxygen all over the body Biomolecules A Carbohydrates i ii iii iv i ii iii iv i ii iii iv Monomers Monosaccharides Function Provide material to build cell membrane quick energy for cells Food source pastas breads fruits vegetables Examples glucose fructose lactose cellulose B Proteins Monomers Amino acids Function Provide structure aid in muscle movement provide immunity Food source seafood milk eggs cheese Examples insulin hemoglobin antibodies enzymes C Nucleic acids Monomers Nucleotides Function Contains genetic information directs growth and development Food Source XXX Examples DNA RNA D Lipids i ii Monomers Glycerol backbone fatty acids Function Store energy cushion and insulate organs material used for cell membrane Food source butter nuts oil Examples fats oils waxes iii iv Levels A Level 4 The cell and its organelles B Level 3 1 chromosomes 2 plasma membrane 3 cell wall C Level 2 1 DNA 2 protein 3 cellulose D Level 1 1 nucleotides 2 amino acids 3 sugars XII XIII Major classes of biomolecule A Amino acids i Polymer proteins 3 B Sugars C Fatty acids D Nucleotides ii i ii i ii i ii General functions catalysts and structural elements Polymer carbohydrates General functions energy sources and structural elements Polymer N A General functions energy sources and structural elements of complex lipid molecules Polymers 1 DNA 2 RNA General functions 1 Genetic information 2 Protein synthesis XIV Important function groups in biomolecules A Alcohol B Aldehyde C Ketone D Acids E Amine F Amide G Thiol H Ester I Alkene 4 XV Example questions A Q1 Convert 10 meters m into nanometers nm B Q2 Convert 5 millimeters mm into kilometers km i i Answer 1010 nm Answer 5 x 10 6 C Q3 You are working in a forensics lab and obtain a human biological specimen from a crime scene That specimen measures 10 mm across in width The biological hierarchy to which that specimen can be most likely assigned to is i Answer Tissue 5
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