M333 Study Guide· -Harold “Red” Grange – the most spectacular player of the erao running back at the university of Illinoiso fans were thrilled by Grange’s ability to elude tacklers for longo helped inaugurate the 67,000 seat memorial stadium in illinioso nickname the galloping ghost· -American Sports Staro traditional qualities embraced by Americans§ strong work ethic§ abstention from tobacco and drink§ a determination to overcome financial disadvantages§ gracious to his fans’ praiseo -millions would watch weekly newsreels being shown in motion-picture theaterso -Grange dropped out of college and on barnstorming tour where he would receive half ofthe gate receiptso broke the myth of amateur college sportso “I’m out to get the money and I don’t care who knows it”o played for George Hales (bears) attracted record attendance§ $250ko businessman, radio & television football commentator after his football careero Red Grange established the importance of big time college football in American popular culture· -Knute Rockneo 13 years at helm of fighting irish§ fabled football tradtiono grew national fan base for former students§ subway alumni· dedicated fans who had neither attend the university nor set foot on the campuso he was the American dream§ US from Norway at 5 years old§ Played football & track§ Chemistry degreeo “Notre Dame Open Play Amazes Army”o assistant coach at ND, taught freshman chemistryo fabricated story about Wabasho wanted to make ND “the yale of the west”o playing a national schedudle§ army and navy§ USCo 1918 accpeted position of head coacho 1919§ 9-0o 1920§ undefeated national championso ended career with 5 national championships · Glenn “Pop” Warnero most creative coach of the period§ innovative offense formations and plays§ design shoulder pads and helmets§ numbers on back of jerseys§ created youth football program in 1929 · Construction of stadiums· -By 1920’s football was the driving financial force for athletic departmentso attendance more than doubledo people were willing to pay good money for a ticketo universities began to construct large stadiums§ institution encourage wealthy alumni and state legislatures to donate large sums of money to build “memorials” in the form of football stadiums to honor63,000 Americans that lost their lives in France· -1914o Yale Bowl completed· -1921o Ohio State horse-shaped stadium§ 63,000· -1924o Michigan countered§ 73,000-By 1930o seven additional stadiums§ 70,000+ seats· -Institutions with serious football aspirations had stadiums with 30,000+o “the sheer physical size of the stadium dwarfs the significance of the library, laboratory, and lecture hall” 1926 · George Taliaferro● He was the first African American drafted by a National Football League team.● As the leading rusher and an All-American at Indiana University, he led the Hoosier football program to their only undefeated Big Ten Conference championship. A three-time All-America, Taliaferro led the Hoosiers in rushing twice, punting in 1945 and passing in 1948. Taliaferro helped break the color barrierin sports, playing for the Hoosiers two years before Jackie Robinson suited up for theBrooklyn Dodgers. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1981 · Jesse Owens§ Win four gold medals in the 1936 Berlin Olympics§ Games marred by controversy and fraught with great strength because of Adolph Hitler’s Nazi regime and belief in Aryan racial supremacy§ Victories in the 100, 200 meter dashes, long jump and 400 meter relay · 1968 Olympicso stood for social issues§ Tommie Smith§ John Carlos§ Dr. Harry Edwards· Olympic organizer of human rights· Paul Robeson · Stacking Theory § Stacking (loy & mcelvogue)· Whites found in “thinking” and outcome control problems· Whites found in central positions· Blacks found in speed positions – blacks found in reacting§ Outdated phenenomen?· Historical trends of stacking in SEC · History of African American Golfo John Shippen§ First black professional golfer§ African American/Native American§ Won the 1913 US Open (4th)§ Hid his identity§ No blacks clause· The Best Black Golferso Hustlers, placed bets, taught lessonso Challenged the PGA “no blacks” · Charlie Siffordo First African American to play on the PGA tour, 1960o Hartford open, 1967, shot a final round 64 to become first to win a PGA tour evento Faced extreme prejudice, discrimination and death threatso $924,145 career earningso world golf hall of fame 2004 · History of African American Tennis· African American Tennis Participationo Blacks played at black & Ivy League colleges on faculty courtso Black colleges with faculty courts were Howard, Lincoln & Tuskegeeo First black college tournament at Tuskegee in 1895o 1898 a public tournament was held in Philadelphiao inter-city team play between Philadelphia, DC, NY, and Baltimore by 1899 to 1910so played by socially prominent blackso growth: social interaction, tournaments, training of juniors, development of courts, schools, colleges· American Tennis Association (ATA)o Oldest African American sports organization in the United Stateso Formed in 1916 when team members from Baltimore and DC met in DC§ to develop tennis among blacks§ formation of clubs and courts§ formation of local associations§ development of junior playerso first national tournament at Druid Park, Baltimore 1917§ 23 clubs§ 39 in mens singles & doubles and womens singleso · Sports Broadcasting Act 1961 o Permitted leagues to pool their broadcast rights and sell them as a single entity· Pete Rozelle & Booneo Pete rozelle moved the league’s headquarters to Park Avenue in downtown Manhattan close by the offices of the three television networkso Rozelle proposed to the owners that the league sell the TV rights of all teams in a single package and that each franchise share equally in the incomeo For 1962 and 1963 season, CBS paid $4,650,000 per season amounting to $330,000 per teamo Roone Arledge launched his weekend sports anthology “Wide World of Sports.”o In its first year “Wild World Sports” reported on rodeos from small lawns in the west, track meets in