Chapter 1“quarter horse” racingAnglicans who gravitated to Chesapeake Bay brought quarter horse racing from EnglandgamblingDevelopment of sports in early regionsPuritansSimpleUngodly activities -> leisureAnglicansSimilar to puritansPuritans suppress “butchery” sportsKilling of animalsQuakersPhillyNo leisurePennYes leisureMore colonies with water sportsLess colonies horse racing/gamblingWealthyTrotting -> poor peopleLacrosseAmerica’s first?Popular around the great lakes, esp North EastPlayed on days on end was apart of their cultureChapter 2 – BaseballThe Baseball Hall of FameCooperstownOpened on 100th anniversary of Doubleday’s mythical revelation (1939)Abner DoubledayGeneral in Union ArmyDied in 1893Obituary had no mention of baseball1839- second year cadet at west pointwrote a set of rules for the game of baseballNew technologies that impacted on early professional eraRailroads made possible efficient team travelTelegraph companies sent game results across the nation with incredible speedNew printing presses ground out information that stimulated demand for even moreHarry WrightCricket player -> baseballDeveloped strategies still usedPractices, physical condition, sobrietyDesigned uniforms -> Cincinnati red stockingScheduled gamesHenry ChadwickBox score & statsCreated composite box score by 1860sIntroduced batting averagesBorn in England“a moral recreation”author of the game of base ball 1868First organized “major league”Cincinnati Red StockingsChicago White StockingsNAPBBPNational Association of Professional Base Ball PlayersDominated by Wright’s Boston teamSouthern league had 18 different team franchisesEstablished in 1876Driven by William A. HulbertChicago, Boston, New York, Hartford, Cincinnati, Louisville, St. Louis, Philadelphia = 8 teamsWilliam A. HulbertDriving force behind the creation of the National LeaguePresident of the Chicago White StockingsBanned Sunday games, prohibited sale of beer, encouraged female attendanceMoses Fleetwood WalkerAmerican Association considered Major league back thenThe first African American to play in the major leagueTeam sport as employers’ perspectiveTeam sport as politicians and social workers’ perspectiveChapter 3 – Athletics & FootballWalter Camp1800 Father of Modern Footballfirst rule was adjusting starters 15 -> 11establishment of line of scrimmagesnap from center to quarterbackGlenn “Pop” WernerCarlisle Indian football coachArguably the most innovative and creative coach of his generationIntroduced a no-huddle offense & new formations that sought to take advantage of his squad’s speed and lack of sizeCoached Jim ThorpeBoard of Regents (1984)University of Oklahoma vs. University of Georgia Athletic AssociationSupreme CourtViolated Sherman Anti-Trust ActProhibits certain business activities that federal government regulators deem to be anti-competitiveTelevision rights negotiatedProfitization of College Sport ProductsNCAA Men’s basketball tournament is the only tournament where they profitFormation of the NCAARoosevelt lead 2 white house conferences to encourage reformChancellor Henry1910IAAUS transitioned to NCAA in 19101921first NCAA national championship occurredbasketball1939Oregon wonExecute 88 championships for 89 sports in Division 1,2,3“Student-Athlete”student organized and administeredstudent financeddecided eligibility, rulesBachelor CultureSporting fraternityPointed to the direction that organized sport would take in the decades to comeChapter 4 The Modernization of American SportsMarquis of Queensberry RulePadded gloves3 minute rounds10 second knockoutsa limited number of roundsabolition of wrestling, hitting below the belt, holding, and eye gougingRichard Kyle Fox-Purchased national police gazetteBible of the barber shop in 1877Promoter of prize fightingCreated six weight classes & championship belts for eachSponsored bout, negotiated with fighters and managersChallenged anti-boxing laws in the courts“patron of sports”he knew nothing of any game or sport except boxingdemonstrated ability of the media to create sport starsJohn SullivanBoston strong boyAmerica’s first sport starFeud w/ Richard kyle foxNew York Athletic Club1885riffle range, indoor swimming, gym, bowling ally, billiardsboathouse, outdoor track, tennis courtshigh level of new york society men could have membershiphost annual indoor track competition as MSG until 1970sBackground of how golf became popular1890smen & women of all ages could playprovided moderate exercise in the open airmental & physical challengesconducive to handicapping and bettingseldom produced serious physical injury1,040 courses by 19004-12 holes, 9 holes in 1900, 18 holes in 1920clubs provided members with a clear social separation from the common citizenThomas HughesPublished tom brown’s schooldays in 1857Impacted middle class America¼ million copies within a yearbook contributed to Muscular Christianity movementparticipation in vigorous sports competition would produce a young man who understood the values of fair play, good sportsmanship, 10 commandmentsmolded the mind, body, spirit into evangelical packageYMCAYoung Men’s Christian AssociationEngland 1844 & spread to US before the Civil WarOnly young boys could be members, girls fell to camp fire girls and girl scoutsBoy scouts 1910Theodore Roosevelt was influentialJames NaismithIntroduced basketballBan JohnsonCommission memberPresident ALReal power in the commissionFederal Baseball Club v. National LeagueOne of two industries to get an antitrust exemptionThe Sherman anti-trust actUnited States Supreme Court Case in 1922Justice Holmes declared baseball exempt from antitrust lawsJim ThorpeNative American1912 track and field gold medalist in StockholmMLB, NFL, NBAHoosiers football coach in 1915America’s Greatest AthleteFirst all-professional baseball teamCincy Red StockingsBabe RuthHome run sluggerChapter 6 – Women in SportsWilma Rudolph5’11 track starhad polio but overcome her disability to become a basketball playerfirst American woman to win 3 golds in one Olympics 1960set world records in all 3 eventswas proclaimed the fastest woman in the worldAlice Coachman1948First African American women to win a gold medalonly American woman to win a gold medal in athletics in those gamesMildred Babe Didrikson ZaharisShattered records in several sportsUn-married, self supporting, earned large incomeChiseled muscular bodyParents had fears about daughters in sportsHers were supportive of
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