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IUB SPH-M 333 - M333 Exam 3

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Ancient OlympicsSmall affairs firs population in 776 B.C.Winners were celebrated as hero’sGreek customsPankration!Abolished in 393 A.D. by Emperor TheodosiusRebirth“records are ephemeral. The winning of an Olympic title is eternal.” – Roger Bannister (he broke the 4 min mile I think)Greek nationalism (mid 19th century)Zappas Olympics – Greeks onlyBirth Of the IOC1894Every 4 yearsRotates locationsCitius, Altius, Fortius (faster, higher, stronger)Pierre De CoubertinSport was spiritualSport promotes healthSport promotes peaceSport promotes understanding between cultureSport is about participationAmateursBased on Greek ideal that untrue“The important in life is not the triumph but the struggle, the essential thing is not to have conquered but to have fought well.”The First Modern GamesAthens 189614 nations241 competitorsPublic and privately financed (Crown Prince Konstantions and Giorgios Averof)Panthenaic stadium10 sports (Track and field, Cycling, Shooting, Fencing, Gymnastics, Wrestling,Greece won 47 medals, the US won 20Thomas Burke 12 seconds, invented the crouching startEarly GamesWorld Fiar’s in 1900 and 1904Side-showsFirst Female competitorsThis was a sport, so was this and this (Tug-of-war) 1900-1920 (Art Competitions) (Cricket)1904 GamesFirst US games – not many international competitorsMedals awardedAfrican competitorsGeorge Eyser (3 medals at those games, Gymnast(?)Margaret AbbottAmateur golferDidn’t know she was competingWon a gold medal because was already there and then decided to sign up and playGolf will be an Olympic sport againThe Intercalated OlympicsAthens 1906InnovationsOpening and closing ceremonyParade of nationsOlympic villageRaising flagsNot officially recognized by the IOCThe games grow1908 London2,024 partiicaptns24 sports1912 Stockholm2,504 particpatnsJim Thorpe (NY giants, Bears, NFL hall of fame)Victory and then disgraceMedals reinstated in 1982 (to his children)Went on to play pro basketballBest athlete of first half of 20th centuryHad been paid to play MLB gamesStripped of his titles of the decathlon1916- No Games (b/c of war)The Roaring Twenties1920 AntwerpFive rings because continentsEach color symbolizes a continentThe Winter OlympicsEvolution from Nordic GamesStarted in 1924 (Chamonix,France)314 competitors, from 19 nationsSame year as summer games until 1994Alpine, bobsleigh, cross country skiing, figure skating, ice hockey, Nordic combined, ski jumping, speed skating, luge (1964)Winter Games1932 Lake Placid – first US Games1936 Germany668 competitors, 28 nations1960 Squaw ValleyDid not have facilities before winning bid1964 Innsbruck1,905 competitors, 36 nationsTelevisedWell-run games, created template for future organizersFamous Winter AthletesSonja Henie (3 figure skating golds)Dick Button (2 figure skating golds)1960 Use Men’s Hockey Team1928 Amsterdam3,244 participants, 17 sportsWoman compete in T &F and gymnasticsBetty Robinson (gold medal in 100m)Johnny Weissmuller (Face of Tarzan and swimmer)1932 Los AngelesDepression = less than 1,922 competitors in 18 sportsRalph Metcalfe (finished second to him in both events) and Eddie Tolan (Midnight Express, Gold in 100m and 200m)First use of automatic timingSponsored by SwissThe Babe“I came out to beat everybody in sight, and that’s what I’m going to do, I can do anything.” – Mildred “babe” DidricksonWon three medalsPitched on a traveling baseball team“Babe’s All-Americans”Became …Won US Open by 12 strokes after major surgery1936 Berlin4,482 participants in 24 sportsLargest games ever heldGermany dominates (101 medals)Adolf vs. Jesse Owens (won 4 medals, 100, 200, 4x1, and Long jump)TelevisedPost WIIAvery BrundagePositivesNever took a salrySigned major TV contractsGames popularty skyrocketedKept them amateurKept them non-politicalThought the Olympics could overcome politicsNegativesFought boycott of 1936 gamesAthletes called him “Slavery Avery”Militant pursuit of amateurismOverlooked Soviet abusesInvited South Africa to compete(In)actions in MunichRome 19605,350 participants, 93 nationsFirst televised games – CBSWilliam Rudolph (100m, 200m, 4x100m) overcame Scarlet Fever and PolioRafer Johnson winning the decathlaonCassius Clay winning heavyweight gold medalRoone Arledge“Every time you hear the mighty Olympic theme, every time you see the split-screen, every time you see a pre-recorded interview of a guy who just made a play, explaining his interior motivation, those are Arledge moments.”Made the Olympics a TV eventWall-to-Wall coverageAthlete profilesAnnouncers on site – Jim McKayThe Olympics and TABC aired every Summer Olympics between 1968 and 1988NBC has aired every Olympics sinc 200 and woll do so until at least 20201968- 4.5 m1976 – 25 m1984 – 225mMexico City 19685,557 competitors, 112 nationsTlatelolco massacre two weeks before gamesElevated airPolitical airBob Beamon jumped so far the tape couldn't measure itMunich 1972 and Montreal 1976Munich: 121 nations, 7113 athletesMark Spitz – the best ever? Swimmer for IU, 7 gold medalsOlga Korbet – gymnastics ascendsNadia Comaneci – the perfect 10Bruce Jenner won the decathlonBoycottDenver 1976 (winter) – not in our town!24 nations boycottMoscow 1980 – Russians in Afghanistan!80 nations, 4,136 athletes65 nations boycottLos Angeles 1984 – Russian revenge140 nations, 6801 athletesUS boycotts in 1980DO you believe?Lake Placid 1980Small townTraffic and communication issuesEric HeidenFive golds won every distance in speed skating eventWent to school spent the last 30 years being a dentistMiracle on IceSemi-final game beat Soviet Union, still get silver medal because of how many wins1984 Los AngelesTurning point for Olympic survivalPrivately financedSponsors galoreMakes a profit (223 m)TV contract (225m vs. 25m in 1976)Peter Uberroth made it happenHeroes of Los AngelesUSA won 174 medals! 83 gold!Carl Lewis (4 gold medals)Sprinter and long jumper10 medals in his career9 goldfour straight in the long jumpMary Lou Retton (5 medals) (gymnastics girl, scored perfect ten in vault last event)Tracy Caulkins (3 medals)Big $’s and big #’sLondon 2012- most watched television event un US history219 m viewers (avg, 31)17.5 rating5,535 broadcast hours2 billion page views158 video streamsCost:3.5 billion for 2000-2008 (NBC)2.2 billion for 2010 and 2012 (NBC)4.38 billion for 2014-2020 (NBC)Catching UpGreg Louganis – 2 golds in L.A., 2 in Seoul 1988Dream Team – Barcelona 1992Olympics


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IUB SPH-M 333 - M333 Exam 3

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