0 0☺0m3, <Study Guide for chapter 2, 4, 5>Majority of questions are from my slides. These are the text book page numbers that you can focus on it. So, go through the slides first, then find little more details on those pages. Don’t worry about watching films again, couple questions from the slides and the textbook. Some questions ask details but most of questions are very straightforward.Page 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 34, 39, 60, 61, 64, 65, 68, 70, 76, 80, 83, 89, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98Key terms chapter 2, 4, 5 The Baseball Hall of Fame - opened in Cooperstown on the 100th aniversary (1939) of Doubleday's imagined revelation (creating baseball) Abner Doubleday - deemed as the creator of baseball when childhood friend Abner Graves affirmed that Doubleday had presented a written set of rules for the game of baseball in 1839. This convinced the 7 man commision that the sport was indeed created in the US and had no European roots. This was later found as hoax when historians concluded that Doubleday was already a second-year cadet at West Point and presumably beyond playing childhood games, let alone have time to invent one. New technologies that impacted on early professional era - railroads, telegraph companies, and new printing presses Harry Wright - born in England in 1835, originally a cricket player, leading baseball player for the Knickerbockers, hired as manager in Cinncinnati for $1,200 a year, in his first season in 1868 his team won 41 games and only lost 7, basically managed the whole organization (scheduling, coaching, ticket sales, uniform design, etc.) Henry Chadwick - born in England in 1824, former cricket player turned newspaper reporter, claimed "baseball was just the game for a national sport for Americans", started writing about baseball in 1860 about how it reflected the American spirit, said it molded higher character and promoted good health, WAS THE FIRST TO REPORT ON BASEBALL GAMES (STATS, BOX SCORE, BATTING AVERAGE, "K" AS THE SYMBOL FOR A STRIKEOUT), made a guide on how to play baseball in 1868 First organized “major league” - established in 1876 as the "National League of Professional Base Ball Clubs", had 8 teams half in the midwest half in the east William A. Hulbert - civic booster behind the creation of baseball's first "major league", created rules concerning player contract, which cities could have teams, banned sunday games, banned alcohol sales, made women's tickets cheaper Moses Fleetwood Walker - first black player to play for a major league team, signed with Toledo in 1884 Team sport as employers’ perspective - useful in controlling worker attitudes and behavior.Employers saw value in sponsoring teams for their workers and recognized commercial benefits Team sport as politicians and social workers’ perspective - believed organized play was a useful tool to help "Americanize" immigrant children Marquis of Queensberry Rules - instruction on "the manly art of self defense" and conducted "public exhibitions" under the Marquis of Queensberry rules that required padded gloves, 3 minute rounds, 10 second knockouts, limit on number of rounds, and the abolition of wrestling, hitting below the belt, holding, and eye gouging. Boxing made a comeback in the US after these rules were set in the 1920's Richard Kyle Fox - wrote and promoted prize fighting, printed the National Police Gazzette which became known as "the Bible of the Barber Shop", featured stories of sin and sex, a crusader in favor of boxing John Sullivan - the "Boston Strong Boy", had a feud with Richard Kyle Fox, Fox would write and promote fighters that he thought would beat Sullivan in order to sell newspapers New York Athletic Club - established in 1868 by three businessmen to provide a gymnasium where members could exercise, established records in track and field, set standard weights and distances for events, held various athletic competitions Background of how golf became popular - it was not until the 1920's that the game of golf gained momentum with the general population when local governments began to construct and operate public courses. By 1930, there were 5,856 courses in the United States, the majority operated by city parks and recreation departmentsGolf became part of American sports picture in 1890’sSt. Andrews golf club of Yonkers opened in 1888, by 1900 over 1,000 golf courses in operation.The country clubs gave greater opportunities for women then were previously available Thomas Hughes - published Tom Brown's Schooldays in 1857, connected stenuous exertion on the playing field and the development of devout Christian youth, sold nearly a quarter million copies YMCA - Young Men's Christian Association, founded in England in 1844 and spread to the US before the Civil War, as the movement grew there was an increase in focus on physical fitness and decrease in religious education, by 1900 there were 350 seperate YMCA facilities James Naismith - creator of basketball, had no historical precedent, game spread rapidly through the nation and YMCA community, focused on agility and skill, was the Kansas University's first basketball coach and ironically has the only carreer losing record a the university Ban Johnson - journalist from Cinncinnati, established the American League in 1899, asked the National League to be recognized as a co-equal major league organization but was denied, started a "war" with the National League which finally ended in the winter of 1902-03 - Commissioner of the American League, changed the game by inventing the "post-season" playoffs, with the American and National League champions playing for the World Series. Also attempted to get women to come out to the park by inventing "ladies night," which attempted to reduce anti-social behavior in the stands and on the field. Federal Baseball Club v. National League Jim Thorpe First all-professional baseball team - Cincinnati Red Stockings (1869) Babe RuthCHAPTERS 1,3,6 Wilma Rudolph - First American woman to win three gold medals in a single Olympics (1960) Alice Coachman - First African-American woman to win a gold medal (1948), and was the only American woman to win a gold medal at the '48 games Mildred Babe Didrikson Zaharis - Shattered records in several sports-Un-married, self-supporting,