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IUB SPH-M 333 - M333 Ch 1

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The Emergence of Sports in the US“Started from the bottom now we’re here”Jay Z and RihannaHalf time show really big show, paying to be in the half showBringing music and sports togetherLacrosse: America’s First?Was popular around the Great Lakes, esp North EastPlayed on days on end was apart of their cultureColonial AmericaImmigrants brought customs, values, and vices of the Old WorldFolk games ( activities with no standardized rules & organizationMaine GoalBuild a new orderGames?! NOT PRIORITYHarsh environmentsLabor and worship were essential“colonies did not pass laws against ball and blood sports publicSuppress butchery sportsAnimal baitingCockfightingViolent human compFoot ballNew EnglandDevelopment of Country1790-95% + rural arg. areas1830-80% farmers1860-20% urban areasNetwork of canals30,000 miles of railroadsTelegraph powered shipsNew york and Philadelphia (two largest cities)New YorkOriginally settled by ButchRelax!! Leisure activityDancingCard playingAnimal baitingMaypole celebrationsYoung People-Boys – learn to hunt, fishGirls- run and swim for physical development-- interesting didn't want girls doing this thought it hurt reproductive systemPennsylvaniaQuakers viewed playing games as promotingSpiritual growthYou wanna bet?“Gambling in regions controlled by the Puritan And Quakers was generally minimal ad not as seriousChurches, schools, collegesFinanced publicThe Dirty SouthRecreation – High stake GamblingCards, Backgammon, Dice & HorsesTobacco planters –Maryland & VirginiaFirst group of blacks claves (19) in 1619Social statusSouthern CultureEven if the best husband and the greatest forecast and skill were used, yet ill luck at sea, a fall of a market, or 20 other accidents may ruin and overthrow the best industry.High stakesGreats fascinationsHorse racing18th CentVirginia racing cultureFew oval tracksSkilled trainersImported thoroughbredsWeekend long eventsTavern lifeTavern located in towns and long country roadsCock fighting and animal baitingCheeringDrinkingGamblingPost American revolution & civil war timesEngland – blood sportNo holds barredWestern Virginia, Carolinas, Kent and tenUncultured young malesHunters trappersStandardizationUse of agreed standard and rues of playCommittees1821- NY legislature voted to legalize horse racingStandardization 0 jockey clucksNew York Jockey clubNow diff between sport, play, gameJan 29, 2014citationmachine.netRunning Header, page number, cover page Full name then institutionIn text (Brenner, 2013).Chapter 2: BaseballHenry ChadwhickBaseball is an American pastime we got ideas England, called rounders in England, a military general “said” he created baseballBaseball Videoknickerbockers played cricket players for the first real game of baseball and they lost 23-1Jan 31, 2013 Chapter 2IS Baseball American born?Historical argumentDavid BlockPrior to 1800“base-ballCivil Warlarge crowds still attended games in NYUnion and confederate soldiers played baseball to pass timeTown ball – competition of amateur playersTown ball flourished in 19th centuryIntense rivalries in communitiesPro teams developed post warEarly BaseballUrban bachelorsshop owners, bankers, artisans, lawyers, physicians, accountants, businessmenEarly RulesLocal rulesNo protective equipmentPositionsBowler or feeder (pitcher)Striker (catcher?)Soaked (thrown out)New York Knickerbockers1st baseball clubFraternal group 184227th St & Fourth Ave.Alexander Joy CartwrightYoung bookkeepersSuggested creation of formal baseball club with bylaws$5 annual fee (would be like 65 today)Written rulesFather of BaseballAlexander CartwrightRulesMembers must strictly observe the time agreed for exercise and be punctional in their attendanceA genius or Just Lucky?What missing?9 inning ruleumpiresbase on ballsStandardsBags replaced stakes90ft apart in diamond shape“bowler” threw from 45ft awayTeam size of 9OutBatted ball was caught on first bounce or on the flyThree swings without contactBall arrived to baseAbner DoubledayGeneral in Union ArmyDied in 1893Obituary had no mention of baseball1839 – Second year cadet at Wes Pointbaseball Hall of FameOpened in Cooperstown on 100th anniversary of this mythical revelation (1939)“This fabrication was accepted as Gospel because the American people wished it so.”Henry ChadwickBorn in England“a moral recreation”Created composite box score by 1860’sIntroduced batting averagesThe Game of Base Ball: How to Learn It, How to Play it, and How to Teach it (1868)Early Rules of the NLForbidden to drink during gameNo alcohol sold inside the venueGabling was barredTicket prices set at 50 centsNO games on SundaysThe Reserve Clause1) Definition: application: Impact2) Owners desired to cut salaries- 1876: 63% of cost due to salalries- 1877: 65%1878: 681879: 61.51885: Established salary ca3) Steps in process1878: banned negotiations between players & another club during playing season1879: Reserve clause (5 players)1883: Both NL & AA agree to reserve 111886: reserve 121887: reserve 141887 reserveImpact on/of player SalariesAverage or worker in 80’s = 440 per yearNational LeagueBoston nationals:-- salary 1,377Providence nationals:Ave salary: 1882 $1278 1883 $1446Cost Cutters: Player expense1) Charge 50 cents a day on road2) players furnish own uniforms3) pay for cleaning and repair4) 30 per players for uniforms5) players assumed all expenses for injuries or illness (club did not even have to pay salary)6) advance $$: paid 6 or 7 months so gave advances for player to get through winterAmerican Association Challenge 1880-18901)American Association of Base Ball Clubs (AA) Est. 1881 aka “The Beer & Whiskey League”A) Sought to tap into large pool of non-Victorian base ball fansSod beer/ liquorAllowed blacksOld American LeagueDominated by brew masters:Cartel agreement: Similar to NLCaused by NL Franchise agreement’s about new membersFollowed some of the same rulesLessons from the American Association1) Importance of large market cities2) popular combo 25 cents, Sunday games, Liquor/ beer sales3) Appeal to larger segments of society (segmentation concept broadened_4) appeal of popular/ colorful players: Pete Browning, King Kelley5) Importance of National AgreementEsp when extended to “minor leagues”1882 marks the beginning of Organized baseball6) Importance of Reserve Clause7) Importance of Franchise Agreements8) Need for middle management9) First World SeriesBaseball: 1895-19031) NL attendance drops every year


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