ANSC 107 1st Edition Exam 3 Study Guide Lecture 12 Biggest problems in companion animals Responsibility Dogs and cats overpopulation problem Reptiles grow up to be large let lose in the wild o Not native to America wipe out other wildlife populations Aquatic people bring over different pets release in wild not native to America Agriculture types cute when little but grow up to be large put back into wild i e potbelly pigs Associated industries Veterinary care o Small animals go to vet vet makes o Commodity Agriculture animals sheep do not go to vet farmer fixes it o Agricultural product o May not be profitable to go to vet Pet foods 20 billion Pet treats 2 5 billion o Helps agriculture These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Made of byproducts Pet services Pet supplies Pet health care products Nutrition and Health Nutritional health problems are the most common causes of companion animal ailments Obesity is a major problem in dogs o Leads to bone join problems o Breathing problems o Heart problems Type of pet food You get what you pay for o Price associated with quality of pet food o Grain versus meat bases ingredients Cat food that includes the amino acid Taurine o Cats also need arginine Miscellaneous o Dry 10 12 stored longer o Semi moist o High moisture 70 75 mostly water o What are the good and bad Palatability Additives dyes added for humans dogs are colorblind and cats are nearly colorblind Not all are completely balanced Common Feeding problems Overfeeding or underfeeding o 30 40 of dogs and cats overweight Feeding the wrong food dog food to a cat o Cats need taurine cant utilize beta carotene from plant sources o Cats cant metabolize propylene glycol Feeding high sugar snacks Not enough clean water especially cats o Leads to urinary problems Feeding chocolate to dogs Feeding canned dog food to cats o Cats cannot metabolize the preservatives used in dog foods Antifreeze toxicity 1 killer of house dogs Contains ethylene glycol a sweet substance causing it to be consumed One teaspoon can kill a small dog or cat Metabolites of ethylene glycol causes rapid destruction of cells in renal tubules o Kidneys cannot metabolize Rodenticides rat poison Inhibit production of clotting factors resulting in animals bleeding to death Pesticides More common in cats due to lower activity of liver enzymes Plant toxicity More toxic in cats Chocolate poisoning Chocolate contains theobromine The darker the chocolate is the more theobromine it contains Dogs cant metabolize this product Four ounces can kill a small dog Parasites Fleas o Blood feeding insects with hind legs developed for jumping o Treatment monthly prevention of another form that interrupts the flea life cycle Ticks o Weakens host by sucking blood and transmitting diseases such as Lymes disease and rocky mountain spotted fever o Treatment amitraz collars or fipronil or permetherin toxic to cats spot treatments of sprays Usually paired with tick control in the animals environment Tapeworms o Narrow long flat parasite that use an intermediate host Most common form of tapeworm infestation is caused by ingestion of fleas o Signs intestinal cramping and diarrhea but often go unnoticed White in poop eggs Proglodids Roundworms o Live in the intestines of animals o Signs dull hair pot bellied weight loss coughing vomiting of adult worms diarrhea o Treatment several rounds of dewormer containing pyrantel pamoate 2 3 weeks apart Hookworms o Found in intestines o Feed by puncturing blood vessels BLOOD SUCKERS o Signs diarrhea vomiting poor appetite weakness pale mucus membranes anemia death o Treatment several rounds of a dewormer containing pyrantel pamoate 2 3 weeks apart Whipworms o Small parasite that only affects dogs small intestines o Signs diarrhea weight loss and electrolyte abnormalities that may cause seizures o Treatment dewormer containing tenbendazole once a day for three days Dispose of any foods or toys that may contain whipworm eggs Heartworms o Parasite that as adults live in the right chamber of the heart where carbon dioxide is removed from and oxyben is affed to the blood Microfilaria baby heartworms are passed from host to host by mosquito o Signs deep chest cough fatigue and lethargy weight loss labored respiration abdominal distention or bloating o Treatment very risky and expensive Consists of drug administered through IV for several days in a row to slowly kill the adult heartworm o Prevention monthly pill must kill worms slowly Canine infectious diseases Canine distemper Canine hepatitis Canine parvovirus o 1 killer in puppies Canine coronavirus Rabies o Must go to vet Feline infectious disease Feline infectious peritonitis Feline rhinotracheitis Feline leukemia virus Rabies Zoonosis Rabies Salmonella Lymes disease Giardia o Internal parasite Cat scratch fever Ring worm o Fungus Toxoplasmosis o Protozoa Lecture 13 not on exam Lecture 14 not on exam Lecture 15 Growth Increase in body weight until maturity is reached Increase in animal tissue muscle fat and bone Measures of growth include weight unit time WDT height unit time average daily gain days to 260 swine weaning weight yearling weight True Growth The only growth that involves an increase in structural tissues Excludes fat as storage tissue Development Directive coordination of all diverse processes until maturity is reached Involves growth cellular differentiations and changes in body shape Controlled by genetic make up of the animal Maturity State of being fully grown or developed Sexual and compositional maturity Physiological vs chronological age Chronological age refers to the animals age in terms of units of time Physiological age refers to stages landmarks of development as the animal grows from conception to maturity Hyperplasia vs hypertrophy Hyperplasia increase in number of cells Hypertrophy increase in cell size Efficiency of growth Efficiency in production is defined as units of input per unit output Unit of feed lbs or kg per unit of gain lbs or kg Curved line function Growth considered an increase in body weight so most early growth follows a straight line True growth is defined as increase in body protein true growth stops when animal reaches maturity Order of tissue development At birth various body parts have different shapes and properties o For example Horse head and legs Lamb legs Order of Fat deposit Perinephric internal