BIOL 3427 1st Edition Lecture 13Outline of Current Lecture II. ProkaryotesIII. VirusesIV. FungiV. Symbiotic relationshipsCurrent LectureI. Deuteromycetes/ “Fungi Imperfecti”i. Reclassified as a sexual forms/anamorphs of Ascomycotaii. Some only exist in asexual reproducing stateiii. Penicillin (Penicillin, cheese-making)iv. Aspergillus (Soy paste, sak)b. Some cause human diseasei. Aflatoxins cause liver caneer (Aspergillus spp)1. In stored peanuts, maize, wheatii. Ringworm, athlete`s foot, other fungal skin diseasesII. Phylum Bacidiomycotai. “mushrooms”ii. Toadstoolsiii. Stinkhornsiv. Puffballsv. Shelf fungivi. Rustsvii. Smutsb. Many constitute 2/3 of biomass in soilc. Produces basidio spores in a basidiumd. “Mushroom” is a basidiomae. Includes gill fungii. Button and portabello mushroomsf. Oyster mushroomsi. Predators of nematodesii. Amanitag. RustsIII. Smutsa. Smooty appearance of masses of sporesb. Attack approximately 4000 species of plantsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.IV. Symbiotic relation of fungia. Parasiticb. Mutualistici. Lichensii. Mycorrhizaeiii. Endophytesc. Lichensi. Mycobiant1. 98% are ascomycetes, 2% are basidiomycetesii. Photobiant1. Green algae or cyanobacteriad. Formsi. Crustose1. Flattened, crusty appearanceii. Foliose1. Leaflike appearanceiii. Fruticose1. Erect, branched, and “shrubby”V. Can dry out very rapidlya. Allows endurance of extreme heat or cold, sunlight intensityb. Mutualismc. Ecological appearancei. Lichen acids and geochemical weatheringii. Detection of air pollutioniii. Food, building materialVI. Mycorrhizaea. Fungi and plant rootsi. Almost all vascular plantsii. Not in Brassiceae or cyperaceaeb. Increase host plants ability to capture water and elementsi. Especially phosphorusc. Can protect against root pathogensVII. Typesa. endomycorrhizaei. Hyphae penetrate root cellsii. 80% of all vascular plantsiii. Glomeromycota fungib. Ectomycorrhizaei. Hyphae surround root cellsii. Certain plant family1. Fagaceae (beech oak)2. Salcaceae (willow, poplar, cottonwood)3. Betulaceae (birch)4. Pinaceae (pine)iii. 6000 fungal species in Ascomycotac. Basidiomycotai. Ericaceae1. Heather/heath family and Ascomycete fungi2. Fungus helps plant soils acquire nitrogen from infertile acidic soilsii. Orchidaceae1. Orchid family and basidiomycete fungi2. Fungus colonizes cortex, providing nutrients3. Provides Carbon source for nutrient poor