KIN 3304 1nd Edition Lecture 25 Outline of Last Lecture I Gas Diffusion cont II Questions Answers of Exam 3 Outline of Current Lecture I Two Tracts II Functions III Primary Bronchi IV Bronchioles V Respiratory Bronchioles VI Alveolar Ducts and Alveoli VII Alveolus and Respiratory Membrane VIII Gas Exchange IX Blood Supply to Lungs Current Lecture Know what a collapsed lung looks like I Two tracts a Upper respiratory system i Nose nasal cavity paranasal sinuses pharynx ii Filter warm humidify air These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute iii Protect delicate LRS b Lower Respiratory System i Larynx tracheal bronchi lungs ii Gas exchange II Functions a Many but we will focus on two i Gas exchange 1 We ll focus on this the most in HHP ii Move air to from lung surface III Primary Bronchi a Trachea branches gives rise to right and left primary main bronchi i Outside lungs extrapulmonary bronchi b Travels to a groove hilum along lung i Provides cross for pulmonary vessels nerves ii Anchored with dense CT rest of lung soon as you go unconscious breathing resets left lung is where the cardiac notch is located Hb will drop O2 to pick up carbon monoxide IV Bronchioles a Tertiary bronchus branches many times i 6 500 smaller terminal bronchioles 0 2 0 5mm b ANS regulates activity controls diameter c Epithelium causes bronchodilation parasympathetic stimulation bronchoconstriction V Respiratory Bronchioles a Each terminal bronchiole delivers air to a single pulmonary lobule b Within lobule t b branches respiratory bronchioles i These deliver air to lung surface exchange ii No mucus cells glands here few cilia VI Alveolar Ducts and Alveoli a Respiratory bronchioles connected to independent and multi alveoli along alveolar ducts i End at alveolar sacs ii Common chambers connected to several alveoli iii Upwards of 150 000 000 alveoli iv Why the lung is spongy in appearance b Huge capillary network association with each alveolus i Surrounded by elastic fiber expansion Incubator is similar in relation to the lower respiratory tract because a lot of stuff can grow there VII Alveolus and Respiratory Membrane a Alveolar epithelium consists primarily of simple epithelium i Squamous epithelium cells pneumocyte type 1 or type 1 alveolar cells are thin delicate ii Type 2 Alveolar Cells scattered among squamous cells 1 Secrete surfactant coats inner surface reduces tension 2 Keep alveoli from collapsing important 3 Also have alveolar macrophages phagocytosis VIII Gas Exchange TQ a Occurs where basal laminae of alveolar epithelium and capillaries have fused b Rapid diffusion due to i Size as small as 0 1 micrometer ii Gases are lipid soluble IX Blood Supply to Lungs a Respiratory exchange surfaces receive blood from arteries of the pulmonary circuit b Each lobule receives an artery and a venule i Capillary network surrounds each alveolus ii Primary source of angiotensin converting hormone converts circulating angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2
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