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UH KIN 3304 - The Components of a Cell cont.

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LysosomePeroxisomeVesicles containing digestive enzymesVesicles containing degradative enzymesRemoval of damaged organelles, pathogensFat catabolismNeutralization of toxic compounds generated by the aboveKIN 3304 1nd Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Last Lecture I. The CellII. CytoplasmIII. Cell FunctionsIV. Membranous Organellesa. Mitochondriab. Nucleusc. ERd. Etc.Outline of Current Lecture I. Membranous Organelles cont.II. LysosomesIII. PeroxisomesIV. PlasmalemmaCurrent LectureI. Membranous Organelles cont.a. Endoplasmic Reticulumi. Membranous channel network in cytoplasm1. Synthesis of secretory products; storage, transportii. Rough ER – ribosomes bound to membrane1. Modifies, packages newly synthesized proteinsiii. Smooth ER – no attached ribosomes1. Lipid, steroid, CHO synthesis; Ca2+ ion storageiv. Network of intracellular membranes forming hollow tubes, flatsheets, rounded channels (cisternae)v. 4 Major Functions1. Synthesis – ER membrane contains enzymes that manufacture CHO, steroids, lipidsa. Stored in cisternae2. Storages – Storage synthetic molecules3. Transport – Travel within cells inside ERThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.4. Detoxification – cellular toxins absorbed by ER, neutralized by membrane enzymesb. Golgi Apparatusi. From ER, newly-synthesized protein sent hereii. 3 Major Functions1. Synthesis/Packaging of secretions2. Packaging of special enzymes (for use in cytosol)3. Renewal/Modification of plasmalemmaII. Lysosomes (lys-dissolve)a. Intracellular vesicles containing digestive enzymesb. Primary lysosome contain inactive enzymesi. When fused with damaged organelles,  secondary lysosomeii. Activated secondary lysosomes contain active enzymesiii. These enzymes break down lysosomal contentsc. Think of good house keepingi. De-skank the celld. Transfer vehicles moves material between cisternaei. Arrives at maturing (or trans) faceii. Here, vesicles carry material away from Golgi1. Exocytosis occurs at secretory vesiclese. Figure 2.18 – like popping a zitf. Other Lysosomal functionsi. Defense against disease1. Remove bacteria, reuse organisms nutrientsii. Break down muscle cell contractile proteins1. Autolysis usually good2. Can cause disease (lysosomal storage disease)a. Build up of waste product (disease)- Lysosome - Peroxisome- Vesicles containing digestiveenzymes- Vesicles containing degradative enzymes- Removal of damaged organelles, pathogens- Fat catabolism- - Neutralization of toxic compounds generated by the abovei. HoardersIII. Peroxisomesa. Absorb/break down fatty acidsi. Enzymatic activity may form toxins (H2O2)ii. Other enzymes then convert to H2Oiii. Most abundant in liver cells1. Remove and neutralize toxinsIV. Plasmalemma (cell membrane)a. The outer boundary of a cellb. A phospholipid bilayeri. 2 distinct phospholipid layersc. Each layer – heads at surface, tails in insidei. Dissolve ions, water-soluble compounds cant cross lipid portion1. Lipid tails will not associate with H2O moleculesd. Physical Isolationi. Lipid bilayer forms a physical barrier1. Separates inside of cell from extracellular fluide. Regulation of Exchangei. Plasmalemma controls entry of ion, nutrientsii. Exit (elimination) of wastes, release of secretory productsf. Membrane Permeabilityi. The permeability of a membrane determines its effectiveness as a barrierii. Impermeable – nothing can crossiii. Freely Permeable – any substance can crossiv. Selectively Permeable – picks and chooses1. Plasmalemma are this typeg. Diffusion can bei. Active (requires ATP)ii. Passive (no ATP)iii. Diffusion (concentration gradient)iv. Osmosisv. Facilitated Diffusionvi. Likes to go from high to low


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UH KIN 3304 - The Components of a Cell cont.

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