KIN 3304 1nd Edition Lecture 12Outline of Last Lecture I. Neural Regeneration cont.II. Rate of Nerve ImpulseIII. Types of Processing IV. Aging and Nervous SystemV. Changes in AgedVI. Subdivisions of ANSVII. Sympathetic StimulationVIII. When Activation Occurs…Outline of Current Lecture I. Heart is busy, but not all the timeII. Cool things about the heartIII. HeartIV. Blood FlowV. Pulmonary CircuitVI. Systematic CircuitVII. Located in Pericardial CavityVIII. CardiocytesIX. Intercalated DiscsX. Fibrous SkeletonXI. Internal A&PXII. Right AtriumXIII. Interatrial SeptumXIV. Left AtriumCurrent LectureI. Heart is busy, but not all the timea. Never stops, but spends 1/3 of its life at restb. No heart = badc. Primary purpose is to deliver oxygenated blood to tissueII. Cool things about the hearta. Intrinsic rhythmicityi. Beats on ownThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.ii. Any cell in the heart can be the pacemakerb. Selfish – takes the best blood for itselfc. Smart – takes the best blood for itself*Figure of the heart in the text book will be on the test – know where everything is - the left side of the heart is bigger b/c it has to push blood a longer ways away- arteries carry blood away from the heart- veins carry blood toward the heartIII. Hearta. Four Chambersi. Right and left atriumb. Two Circuitsi. Pulmonary circuitii. Systematic circuitIV. Blood Flowa. Right atrium receives blood from systematic circuit b. Right ventricle discharges blood into systematic circuit*be able to draw the heart and know where everything goesV. Pulmonary Circuit (gas exchange)a. Carries CO2 rich blood from heart to the lungsb. Returns O2 rich blood back to the heartc. Heart gets first shot at oxygenated bloodVI. Systematic Circuita. Transports O2 rich blood from heart to the bodyb. Returns CO2 rich blood back to the heartVII. Located in Pericardial Cavitya. Pericardium membrane lines pericardial cavity b. Divided into visceral and parietal pericardiumc. Epicardium (loose CT of VP) bound to muscle tissue of the heartd. Membrane of PP has dense CT (fibrous p)i. Parietal and fibrous p form the pericardial sacii. Filled with pericardial fluid (lubricant)*Cardiac muscle – more related to skeletal muscle*TQ: Intercalated Disc – carry signalsVIII. Cardiocytes (muscle cells)a. Smaller than skeletal muscle cell/fibersb. Different from skeletal muscles in that:i. Almost totally aerobic – lots of mitochondria, myoglobinii. Short t tubules do not form triads with SRiii. Much more extensive circulationiv. Contraction without instructions from CNSv. Interconnect via intercalated discsIX. Intercalated Disca. Connect cardia muscle cellsb. Cardiac muscle cells are essentially one ginormous celli. Connected mechanically, chemically, electricallyii. Contraction in any cell triggers contraction of several othersiii. Contraction spreads throughout myocardiumX. Fibrous Skeletona. Stabilizes muscle cells, valvesi. Support for muscle cells, vessels, nervesii. Distributes force of contractioniii. Reinforces valves, prevents over expansionb. Physically isolates atrial muscle cells from ventricular muscle cellsi. Isolation coordinates cardiac contractionsXI. Internal A&P a. Atria separated by interatrial septumb. Ventricle separated by interventricular septumc. Valves open/close – provide one-way flow of blood from atria to ventriclesd. Atrium – collects blood returning to heart, delivers to ventricles XII. Right Atriuma. Receives venous blood from circulationi. From superior and inferior vena cavaii. This blood is lower in O2b. Superior vena cavai. From head, neck, upper limbs, chestii. Opens into posterior and inferior portion of right atriumc. Inferior vena cavaXIII. Interatrial Septuma. Separates right and left atriumb. Foramen ovalei. Permits blood flow directly from right to left atriumii. From 5th week of embryonic development until birthc. At birth, lungs can function, foramen closesi. Permanently closes at ~48 hours post birthd. Fossa ovalis remainsi. Sometimes doesn’t close (remains potent)ii. Can lead to heart failure*pulmonary regurgitation – when valve leaks (like a heart murmur)XIV. Left Atriuma. Blood flows from pulmonary capillariesi. New loaded with O2ii. Flow into small pulmonary veins (2 from each lung)iii. Right and left pulmonary veins empty into posterior of left
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