KIN 3304 1nd Edition Lecture 22Outline of Last Lecture I. Review of Exam 2Outline of Current Lecture I. AirwaysII. Airway GenerationsIII. Physiology of RespirationIV. Structure of ThoraxV. Pleural SpaceVI. Pneumothorax VII. Gas ExchangeVIII. Elastic FibersIX. Structural InterdependenceX. Type 1 and Type 2 Alveolar CellsXI. Type 2XII. Respiratory Mechanics PictureCurrent LectureI. Airwaysa. Upper respiratory tract (above Adam’s apple)i. Warm, moisten air (you always humidify air)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.ii. Protection found here1. Well-developed lymphoid barrier (check lymph nodes when sick)2. Superficial mucus barrierb. Larynx – closed during swallowingc. Lumen of trachea – hold open by incomplete, C-shaped cartilaginous ringsi. Helps to keep airway openii. Might need to know how to label this but he didn’t say that we needed to.d. Trachea Bifurcates (splits) into main bronchii. Splits into left and rightii. Bronchial TreeII. Airway Generationsa. Number of airway generation to reach respiratory zonei. 15 (near hilum)ii. 2_ (peripheral areas)b. Airways get smaller but double in number*CO2 is just as important in the breathing process*Passive Breathing – uses just the diaphragm (which is the major respiratory muscle)*Active Breathing – uses more muscles*Be familiar with the muscles of inspiration and expiration but he didn’t say that we needed toIII. Physiology of Respirationa. All processes involve in uptake of O2, release of CO2 in support of whole-body metabolismb. 3 basic processesi. 1. Mechanics of lung and thoraxii. 2. Gas exchange (atmosphere to alveoli, )iii. 3. Transport of gasses in the bloodc. You don’t have lung muscles, you have respiratory musclesIV. Structure of Thoraxa. Thoraxi. Provides structure, protection for lungsb. Allows for lung volume changesi. From 1.5 – 2.0L to 6-8L1. The larger the individual, usually the larger the lungsii. Due to articulation of the ribs, diaphragm motionc. Muscles (lots)V. Pleural Spacea. Lungs covered by thin visceral pleurai. Normally contains a few mL of lubricating fluidb. Inspiratory force of chest wall/diaphragmi. Transmitted to lung by negative pressurec. Penetration/rupture of lung surfacei. Pneumothorax ii. Air can enter thoracic cavityVI. Pneumothoraxa. Abnormal collection of air or gas in pleural spaceb. Common in tall slender men VII. Gas Exchangea. Occurs in alveolii. When freshly inspired air comes in contact with capillary bloodb. Must pass through conductive airways i. Some air remains in CA (no exchange)ii. Termed “anatomical dead space”1. Basically using air to push other airc. Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, sacs, and alveolii. Gas exchange in alveoli1. Alveoli is what expands and contracts and they fill up with airVIII. Elastic Fibersa. Well developedb. Found at every level of respiratory systemc. When lungs expandedi. Elastic recoil returns lungs to unexpanded volumeIX. Structural Interdependencea. Local distortion opposed by surrounding tissuei. If small zone of alveoli collapses1. Surrounding tissue stretches, pulls zone back open2. Termed “structural interdependence”b. Along with surfactant, collateral air pathwaysi. Help prevent collapse of alveoli (atelectasis)X. Type 1 and Type 2 Alveolar Cellsa. Type 1 Alveolar cellsi. Create air sacsb. Type 2 Alveolar cellsi. Secrete surfactantii. Absorbs Na+, H2OXI. Type 2a. Pulmonary surfactanti. Combination of a phospholipid b. Lowers surface tension *TQc. Keeps alveoli from collapsing *TQXII. Respiratory Mechanics Picture (ON FINAL)a. Lung Volumes and
View Full Document
Unlocking...