THE HIP JOINTMuscles of the HipGluteus MaximusSlide 4Slide 5Gluteus MediusGluteus MinimusSlide 8Slide 9Gluteus Medius and MinimusBiceps FemorisBiceps FemorisSlide 13SemitendinosusSlide 15SemimembranosusSlide 17Semitendinosus & SemimembranosusTensor Fasciae LataeSlide 20Tensor Fascia Latae (Anterior View)IliopsoasSlide 23PectineousSlide 25Adductor BrevisSlide 27Adductor LongusAdductor MagnusGracilisAdductor MusclesSartoriusSlide 33Slide 34Rectus FemorisSlide 36Hip Rotator MusclesSlide 38Slide 39Slide 40Six Hip Rotator MusclesSlide 42The FemurAnteriorName the sections of the pelvisPosteriorName the muscleSlide 48Slide 49Slide 50Slide 51Slide 52Slide 53Slide 54Slide 55Slide 56Slide 57Name the action at her hipName the action at his hipSlide 60Name the action at her (?) hipName the actions at his hipSlide 63Slide 64Fill in the blanksSlide 66Slide 67Slide 68Slide 69Slide 70Slide 71Name the musclesName the landmarksSlide 74Slide 75Slide 76THE HIP JOINTMuscles of the HipGluteus MaximusO: lower posterior iliac crest and posterior surface of the sacrumI: gluteal tuberosity (upper, posterior aspect of the femur) & I.T. bandActions: Extension of the hipExternal rotation of the hip Lower fibers (below the center of motion) assist adductionGluteus MaximusProduces hip extension beyond 15 degrees; not used extensively during walking Strongly used during running, hopping, skipping, and jumpingBest isolated with the knee flexed to reduce hip extension from the hamstrings40 degreesGluteus MediusO: outer surface of the ilium just below the crestI: greater trochanterActions: Abduction of the hipAnterior fibers: Internal rotation, Posterior fibers: External rotation.Gluteus MinimusO: outer surface of the ilium beneath the gluteus mediusI: greater trochanter of the femurActionsAbduction of the hipInternal rotationGluteus Medius and MinimusDuring walking these muscles abduct (or hold up) the free leg, preventing it from sagging.Both are important in transferring weight from one leg to the other (e.g. running, hopping, skipping, etc.)Their effectiveness decreases with age.StrengtheningStretchingBiceps Femoris Lateral sideOrigin:1.) Long head - ischial tuberosity; 2.) Short head - lower half of the linea asperaInsertion: Head of the fibulaAction: Extension of hipFlexion of kneeLateral rotation of the hip (and knee)Biceps FemorisOne of the hamstring muscles (semitendinosus and semimembranosus)A two-joint muscle which is a powerful hip extensor unless the knees are flexedIsolated during leg curls with some external rotation of the hipSemitendinosusMedial side; superficial Origin: Ischial tuberosityInsertion: Medial surface of proximal end of the tibiaAction: Extension of the hipFlexion of the knee Internal rotation of the hip (and knee)SemimembranosusMedial side, deeper than semitendonosusOrigin: Ischial tuberosityInsertion: Medial surface of the tibiaAction: Extension of the hipFlexion of the kneeInternal rotation of the hip (and knee)Semitendinosus & SemimembranosusA two-joint muscleUsed in ordinary walking for hip extensionBest exercised with knee flexion (leg curls)Help to medially stabilize kneeTensor Fasciae LataeO: iliac crestI: iliotibial (I.T.) band Actions: Flexion of the hipInternal rotationAbduction of the hipTensor Fasciae LataePrevents external rotation at the hip is flexedStrengtheningStretchingTensor Fascia Latae (Anterior View)IliopsoasOrigins: iliac fossavertebral bodies of the last thorasic and lumbar vertebraeI: lesser trochanter of the femur Actions: Flexion of the hipExternal rotationFlexion of the trunkIliopsoasStrong hip flexor muscleRaises legs off the floor from the supine position.Pulls anteriorly on the lower lumbar vertebraeMay aggravate lower back problemsAlso used during complete sit-ups and straight leg sit-ups.Stretching this muscle requires hyper-extension of the hip.PectineousO: pubic crest or ramusI: between the lesser trochanter and the linea asperaActionsFlexion AdductionInternal rotationTensor Fasciae LataePectineusAdductor BrevisOrigin: Inferior ramus of pubisInsertion: Pectineal line (linea aspera)Actions:AdductionExternal rotationAdductor LongusBelow the adductor brevisO: front of the pubis just below its crestI: middle third of the linea asperaActions: AdductionFlexionAdductor Magnus Located posterior to the longusO: edge of the pubic crest and ischial tuberosityI: linea aspera Actions: AdductionExternal rotationGracilisO: pubic crestI: medial condyle of tibiaActions: Adduction at the hipInternal rotation[Flexion at the knee]Adductor MusclesAdductor BrevisAdductor LongusAdductor MagnusGracilisNot heavily used in ordinary movementsHorse back riding, the breaststroke kick in swimmingSartoriusOrigin: Anterior-superior spine of the iliumInsertion: Anterior medial condyle of the tibia (behind the medial condyle)Action: Flexion of hipExternal rotation of the hip[Flexion of the knee]SartoriusLongest muscle in the bodyIt is a two-joint muscle; hip flexion and knee flexion It is weak when both actions take place at the same time.Rectus FemorisTwo joint muscle; most superficialOrigin: anterior-inferior iliac spine of the iliumInsertion: top of the patella and patellar ligament to the tibial tuberosityActions: Flexion of the hip [Extension of the knee]Rectus FemorisA two-joint muscle: hip flexion and knee extensionPowerful knee extension when the hip is extended but weaker when the hip is flexed.The gluteus maximus and the hamstring muscles will extend the hip making the rectus femoris stronger during knee extensionHip Rotator MusclesANTERIORObturator ExternusAnteriorHip Rotator MusclesPOSTERIORPiriformisGemellus superiorObturator internus Gemellus inferiorQuadratus femorisPosteriorHip Rotator MusclesPosteriorPosteriorHip Rotator MusclesPosterior AnteriorSix Hip Rotator MusclesCommon action is External RotationPowerful external rotation of the hip is required to throw a baseball, swing a bat or golf club.The sciatic nerve passes just inferior to the piriformis therefore a tight piriformis muscle my contribute to compression on the sciatic nerve.ReviewThe Femur1 =2 = 3 =4