MUSCLES OF THE ANKLE AND FOOTAnkle and Foot MusclesLower Leg CompartmentsPOSTERIOR MUSCLESGastrocnemiusSoleusSlide 7AchillesAchilles TendonPlantarisPosterior versus AnteriorTibialis posteriorFlexor Digitorum LongusFlexor Hallicus LongusMedial AnkleSlide 16ANTERIOR MUSCLESTibialis anteriorExtensor digitorum longusExtensor hallicus longusPeroneous tertiusPeroneus longus musclePeroneus brevis muscleMuscle CompartmentsSlide 25Slide 26Slide 27Slide 28IV. LigamentsLateral Ligaments ("T" shaped)Lateral LigamentsThe Deltoid LigamentREVIEW SLIDESSlide 34REVIEW of the ANKLE and FOOTName the muscle and its actionsSlide 37Slide 38Slide 39Slide 40Slide 41What term refers to the great toe?Slide 43Slide 44Name the actionsName the two movements at the toesSlide 47Slide 481. Name the muscle and its actionsSlide 50Slide 51Slide 52Lateral Collateral LigamentSlide 54Slide 55Slide 56Slide 57Slide 58Slide 59Slide 60Slide 61Name the muscle and its actionsSlide 63Slide 64Name the landmarkName the muscle its two actionsName the ligament.MUSCLES OF THE ANKLE AND FOOTAnkle and Foot Muscles•Extrinsic and Intrinsic muscles•Extrinsic muscles–Anterior muscle cause dorsal flexion–Posterior muscles cause plantar flexion•Lower leg muscles are divided into 4 compartmentsLower Leg CompartmentsPOSTERIOR MUSCLESPlantar flexion musclesPosterior musclesGastrocnemius •Origin: posterior surface of the two femur condyels•Insertion: posterior surface of the calcaneus via Achilles tendon •Actions: –plantar flexion of the foot–flexion of the knee•Stronger plantar flexion when the knee is extended•Superficial posterior compartmentPosteriorSoleus•Located beneath the gastrocnemius•Origin: upper 2/3 of the posterior surfaces of the tibia and fibula•Insertion: posterior surface of the calcaneus via Achilles tendon •Action: –plantar flexion•Superficial posterior compartmentPosteriorGastrocnemius & Soleus •Gastronemius and Soleus = “triceps surae” due to their three headsAchilles•Encyclopedia Britannica•In Greek mythology, Achilles was the bravest and strongest of the Greek warriors in the Trojan War.•Because his mother dipped him into the River Styx, he was invulnerable except at the heel by which she held him. •During the war against Troy Achilles took 12 nearby cities, but after a quarrel with Agamemnon he refused further service. •He allowed his beloved cousin Patroclus to fight in his armor, and when Hector slew Patroclus, Achilles returned to battle, killed Hector, and dragged his body around the walls of Troy. •Homer mentions Achilles' funeral but not the circumstances of his death; the later poet Arctinus relates that Paris killed Achilles with an arrow guided by Apollo.Achilles Tendon•Named after Achilles•Largest tendon•1000 pounds of force•Tendon of the Gastrocnemius and SoleusPlantaris•Absent in some humans•Origin: lateral epicondyle•Insertion: calcaneus•Actions: –plantar flexion•Superficial posterior compartmentPosteriorPosterior versus AnteriorPlantar flexionDorsi flexionTibialis posterior•Origin: posterior surface of the upper half of the adjacent surface of tibia & fibula•Insertion: navicular, cuneiforms, and cuboid bones and bases of the 2nd-5th metatarsal bones.•Note: passes posterior to medial malleolus.•Actions: –plantar flexion –inversion of the foot•Deep posterior compartment•MedialPosteriorFlexor Digitorum Longus •Origin: middle 1/3 of the posterior surface of the tibia•Insertion: base of the distal phalanges of each of lateral four toes•Note: passes posterior to medial malleolus.•Actions:–toe flexion–plantar flexion,–inversion of the foot•Maintains the longitudinal arch•Deep posterior compartment•MedialPosteriorFlexor Hallicus Longus •Origin: middle half of the posterior surface of the fibula•Insertion: distal phalanx of the large toe, plantar surface•Note: passes posterior to medial malleolus.•Actions: –Flexion of the great toe–Inversion–Plantar flexion•Deep posterior compartment•MedialPosteriorTomDickHarryPlantar flexionMedial Anklemedial malleolus.Medial AnkleMedial: InversionPosterior: Toe Flexion and Plantar FlexionAnterior: Toe Extension and Dorsal flexionANTERIOR MUSCLESDorsiflexion musclesAnterior musclesTibialis anterior•Origin: upper 2/3 of the anterior surface of the tibia•Insertion: medial cuneform and the first metatarsal•Note: passes anterior to medial malleolus.•Actions:–Dorsal flexion–Inversion.•Anterior compartmentAnteriorExtensor digitorum longus •Origin: lateral condyle of the tibia and anterior surface of the fibula•Insertion: middle and distal phalanges of the four lateral toes.•Note: passes anterior to lateral malleolus.•Actions: –Toe extension–Dorsiflexion–Eversion•Anterior compartmentAnteriorExtensor hallicus longus•Origin: middle 2/3 of the inner surface of the front of the fibula•Insertion: top of the distal phalanx of the great toe•Note: passes anterior •Actions: –Extension of big toe–Dorsiflexion–Weak inversion of the foot•Anterior compartmentAnteriorPeroneous tertius •Origin: lower fibula•Insertion: dorsal surface of the 5th metatarsal•Note: passes anterior to lateral malleolus.•Action:–Dorsiflexion–Eversion•Anterior compartmentAnteriorPeroneus longus muscle•Origin: head and upper 2/3 of the outer surface of the fibula•Insertion: undersurfaces of the 1st cuneiform and first metatarsal bones•Note: passes posterior to lateral malleolus.•Actions:–Eversion–Plantar flexion•The tendon goes under the foot from the lateral to the medial surface, thus aiding in support for the transverse arch.•Lateral compartmentLateralPeroneus brevis muscle•Origin: lower 2/3 of the outer surface of the fibula•Insertion: dorsal surface of the 5th metatarsal•Note: passes posterior to lateral malleolus.•Actions: –Plantar flexion–Eversion •Anterior compartmentLateralMuscle CompartmentsALD.PS.PMuscle CompartmentsMuscle Compartments•Lower leg has four compartments each surrounded by fascia (facilitates venous return)•Anterior Compartment (Dorsal flexors)–Tibialis anterior–Peroneous tertius–Ext. dig. Longus–Ext. hallicus•Lateral Compartment (Evertors)–Peroneus longus–Peroneus brevisMuscle Compartments•Deep Posterior Compartment (Plantar Flexors)–Flexor digitorum longus–Flexor hallicus–Tibialis Posterior•Superficial Posterior Compartment(Plantar