Chapter 12Muscles of the Spinal ColumnCervical MusclesSplenius•Origin: •Cervicis – spinous process of T3-T6•Capitis - lower half of ligmentum nuchea & spinous process of C7 and T1-3.•Insertion: •Cervicis - transverse process of C1-C3.•Capitis – mastoid process and occipital bone•Actions:•Whole•Neck Extension•Half •Neck Rotation to the same side.•Lateral flexion of the neck Splenius (capitis and cervicis)Splenius (cervicis & capitis)SpleniusSternocleidomastoid•O: Top of the sternum and medial third of the clavical•I: Mastoid process•Action:•Whole•Neck Flexion •Half•Lateral Flexion of the neck•Neck Rotation to the opposite side.SternocleidomastoidSternocleidomastoidSternocleidomastoid•O: First two ribs•I: Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae.•Actions:•Whole – Neck Flexion•Half - Lateral Flexion of the neck Scalenus (or scalenes)Scalenus•Levator scapulae•Upper fibers of the trapezius•Upper fibers of the rhomboidsOther Cervical Muscles - FYILumbar MusclesErector Spinae•O: Fascia of lower back, posterior L, T and lower C vertebrea, and angles of ribs.•Inesrtions•Spinalis branch - spinous process of T and C and occipital bone•Longissimus branch - transverse process of T and C, mastoid process.•Iliocostalis branch - angles of the ribs and cervical transverse processes•Actions: •Whole – Extension of the spine•Half - Lateral flexion of the spineErector spinae musclesErector spinae musclesIliocostalis branch Longissimus branch Spinalis branchErector spinae musclesSpinalis branch Longissimus branch Iliocostalis branch•O: Posterior lip of iliac crest•I: Lower border of 12th rib and transverse process of L1-4•Actions:•Half - Lumbar lateral flexionQuadratus lumborumQuadratus lumborum1.2.3.4.The Abdominal Muscles•O: Crest of the pubis•I: Xyphoid process and 5th - 7th ribs•Action: •Whole•lumbar flexion •Half•lumbar lateral flexionRectus abdominisRectus abdominis•O: Lower 8 ribs.•I: Anterior iliac crest; inguinal ligament, crest of pubis, fascia of the rectus abdominus•Action: •Whole – lumbar flexion•Half•lumbar rotation to opposite side•lumbar lateral flexionExternal obliqueExternal obliqueExternal oblique•O: Inguinal ligament (from anterior iliac crest to pubis) and iliac crest•I: Costal cartilages of the lower ribs.•Actions:•Whole – lumbar flexion•Half•lumbar rotation to the same side•lumbar lateral flexionInternal obliqueInternal obliqueInternalExternalThe Oblique Muscles?Which is Internal and which is External?•I: Inguinal ligament, iliac crest, and lower 6 ribs •O: Linea alba ("white line") and pubis crest•Functions: •Exhalation (during exercise)Transverse abdominisTransverse abdominis•Rib actions •RespirationMUSCLES OF RESPIRATIONIII. ANATOMY of the RESPIRATOY MUSCLES•O: Xiphoid process, costal cartilages, lumbar vertebrae •I: Central tendon•A: Flattens, pulls central tendon downwardDiaphragm•Draws ribs together and elevates the ribs; move up and outExternal Intercostals•Draws ribs together and lowers ribs; move down and inInternal IntercostalsINSPIRATIONEXPIRATIONRESTDiaphragm &External IntercostalsnoneEXERCISESternocleidomastoid & ScalenesInternal Intercostals & AbdominalsMuscles of InspirationMuslces ofExpiration*Sternocleidomastoid*Scalenus*Rectus Abdominus*Transverse Abdominus*External Obliques*Internal ObliquesExternal Intercostals*Internal IntercostalsDiaphragm•These muscles need to trained with exercise as any other muscle does.•Early limitations (side aches and breathlessness) felt during exercise may involve the untrained state of these muscles.Note:SpleniusRectus abdominisScalenesSpleniusExternal obliqueErector spinae musclesSternocleidomastoidInternal obliqueLongissimus branch Iliocostalis branch Spinalis branchErector spinaeSpleniusSternocleidomastoidRectus abdominisQuadratus lumborumIliocostalis branch Longissimus branch Spinalis branchScalenes (or scaleni)Internal
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