Slide 1Slide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27Slide 28Slide 29Slide 30KinesiologyKinesiologyKinesiologyKinesiologyPED 2440PED 2440The WristThe WristExercises and InjuriesExercises and InjuriesExercisesExercises•Wrist curlsSqueezing tennis balls•Wrist curlsSqueezing tennis ballswww.bodybuilding.cowww.bodybuilding.comm•Scaphoid fractures account for about 60 percent of all wrist (carpal) fractures. •They usually occur in men between ages 20 and 40 years, and are less common in children or in older adults. •The break usually occurs during a fall on the outstretched wrist. It’s a common injury in sports and motor vehicle accidents. •Scaphoid fractures account for about 60 percent of all wrist (carpal) fractures. •They usually occur in men between ages 20 and 40 years, and are less common in children or in older adults. •The break usually occurs during a fall on the outstretched wrist. It’s a common injury in sports and motor vehicle accidents. • The angle at which the wrist hits the ground determines the injury. • If the wrist is extended at a 90-degree angle or greater, the scaphoid bone will break; if the angle is less than 90 degrees, the lower arm bone (radius) will break. Scaphoid Fractures•Signs and symptoms •Pain and tenderness on the thumb side of the wrist. •Motion (gripping) may be painful. •May be some swelling on back and thumb side of wrist. •Pain may subside, then return as a deep, dull aching. Marked tenderness to pressure on the "anatomical snuffbox," a triangular-shaped area on the side of the hand between two tendons that lead to the thumb. •Signs and symptoms •Pain and tenderness on the thumb side of the wrist. •Motion (gripping) may be painful. •May be some swelling on back and thumb side of wrist. •Pain may subside, then return as a deep, dull aching. Marked tenderness to pressure on the "anatomical snuffbox," a triangular-shaped area on the side of the hand between two tendons that lead to the thumb. Scaphoid Fractures Scaphoid Fractures•The scaphoid is more susceptible to injury than any of the other carpal bones because of its unique position bridging the proximal and distal rows of the carpal bones.•This frequency is due to a tenuous blood supply, with only one dorsoradial artery to the proximal pole, which results in a nearly 100% incidence of avascular necrosis in proximal fractures and a 30% incidence in distal fractures. Any tenderness in the anatomic snuffbox over the dorsal scaphoid (figure 1b) should prompt treatment as for a fracture. •The scaphoid is more susceptible to injury than any of the other carpal bones because of its unique position bridging the proximal and distal rows of the carpal bones.•This frequency is due to a tenuous blood supply, with only one dorsoradial artery to the proximal pole, which results in a nearly 100% incidence of avascular necrosis in proximal fractures and a 30% incidence in distal fractures. Any tenderness in the anatomic snuffbox over the dorsal scaphoid (figure 1b) should prompt treatment as for a fracture. Scaphoid Fractures Scaphoid FracturesScaphoid Fractures Scaphoid Fractures•Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive condition that destroys the smooth articular cartilage covering the ends of bones. •The bare bones rub against each other, resulting in pain, stiffness and weakness. •OA can develop due to normal "wear-and-tear" on the wrist or as a result of a traumatic injury to the forearm, wrist or ligaments. •Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory disease that affects the joint linings and destroys bones, tissues, and joints. Rheumatoid arthritis often starts in smaller joints, like those found in the hand and wrist, and is symmetrical, meaning that it usually affects the same joint on both sides of the body. •Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive condition that destroys the smooth articular cartilage covering the ends of bones. •The bare bones rub against each other, resulting in pain, stiffness and weakness. •OA can develop due to normal "wear-and-tear" on the wrist or as a result of a traumatic injury to the forearm, wrist or ligaments. •Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory disease that affects the joint linings and destroys bones, tissues, and joints. Rheumatoid arthritis often starts in smaller joints, like those found in the hand and wrist, and is symmetrical, meaning that it usually affects the same joint on both sides of the body. Arthritis of the Wrist Arthritis of the Wrist•Signs and symptoms •OA of the wrist joint manifests with swelling, pain, limited motion and weakness. These symptoms are usually limited to the wrist joint itself. •RA of the wrist joint usually manifests will swelling, tenderness, limited motion and decreased grip strength. In addition, hand function may be impaired and there may be pain in the knuckle joints (metacarpophalangeal or MP joints). Joint swelling may also put pressure on the nerves that travel through the wrist. This can cause a lesion to develop (compression neuropathy) or lead to carpal tunnel syndrome. •Signs and symptoms •OA of the wrist joint manifests with swelling, pain, limited motion and weakness. These symptoms are usually limited to the wrist joint itself. •RA of the wrist joint usually manifests will swelling, tenderness, limited motion and decreased grip strength. In addition, hand function may be impaired and there may be pain in the knuckle joints (metacarpophalangeal or MP joints). Joint swelling may also put pressure on the nerves that travel through the wrist. This can cause a lesion to develop (compression neuropathy) or lead to carpal tunnel syndrome. Arthritis of the Wrist Arthritis of the WristCarpal Tunnel SyndromeCarpal Tunnel Syndrome•Osseofibirous canal•-osseo = bones•-fibro = ligament•One nerveNine tendons•Osseofibirous canal•-osseo = bones•-fibro = ligament•One nerveNine tendonsCarpal Tunnel SyndromeCarpal Tunnel Syndrome1. Carpal Bones1. Carpal Bones2. 2. Transverse Transverse Carpal Carpal LigamentLigament3. Median Nerve3. Median Nerve4. Nine Flexor Tendons4. Nine Flexor Tendons-- 4 flexor digitorum 4 flexor digitorum superficialissuperficialis-- 4 flexor digitorum 4 flexor digitorum profundusprofundus-- 1 flexor pollicis 1 flexor