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THE ANKLE AND FOOTBONES•A. Tibia– medial malleolus •B. Fibula– lateral malleolusTibia •Medial MalleolusFibula• Lateral malleolusBONES OF THE FOOT•Tarsal bones–1. Calcaneous–2. Talus–3. Navicular–4. Cuboid (lateral, articulates with 4 and 5 metatarsals)–5-7. Cuneiforms (medial, intermedial and lateral; articulate w/ 1-3 metatarsals)•8. Metatarsals (1-5 from the medial to lateral side)•9-11. Phalanges (distal, middle, proximal)• Tarsal bones• 1. Calcaneous• 2. Talus• 3. Navicular• 4. Cuboid (lateral, articulates with 4 and 5 metatarsals)• 5-7. Cuneiforms (medial, intermedial and lateral; articulate w/ 1-3 metatarsals)• 8. Metatarsals (1-5 from the medial to lateral side)• 9. PhalangesTarsal bonesMetatarsals PhalangesHallux or Great ToeWhat’s wrong with this picture?JOINTS•33 joints and 26 bones.•Two major joints1. The Ankle Joint•A hinge joint which is formed by the articulation of the TALUS with the MALLEOLI of the tibia and fibula. •Planter flexion and dorsal flexion primarily occur here.TMMLMJOINTS2. Subtalar Joint•Articulation between the TALUS and CALCANEUS. •Inversion and eversion primarily occur here.MOVEMENTS Dorsal flexion[15-20°]Plantar flexion[50°]MOVEMENTS•Inversion - raising medial border (20-30°)–Supination is similar to Inversion + plantar flexion + adduction (toe in)•Eversion - raising lateral border (5-15°)–Pronation is similar to Eversion + dorsal flexion + abduction (toe out)Inversion EversionMOVEMENTS•Toe flexion •Toe extensionMovements•Supination–Plantar flexion–Inversion–Forefoot adduction (toe-in)•Pronation–Dorsiflexion–Eversion–Forefoot abduction (toe-out)Walking Gait CycleSTRUCTURE OF THE FOOT•The foot as a whole is usually described as an elastic arched structure, the keystone of the arch being the talus. •The talus receives and transmit the entire weight of the body.ARCHES•Longitudinal arches –Lateral longitudinal arch - calcaneous, cuboid, and 4 and 5 metatarsals.–Medial longitudinal arch - calcaneous, talus, navicular, 3 cuneifroms, 3 med. metatarsalsLateral longitudinal archMedial longitudinal archLateral ArchMedial Arch33•Longitudinal arches•Lateral - calcaneous, cuboid, and 4th and 5th metatarsals.•Medial - calcaneous, talus, navicular, 3 cuneifroms, 3 medial metatarsalsTransverse arch - anterior tarsal bones and the metatarsals.5th metatarsal – 1st metatarsalREVIEW of the ANKLE and FOOT•1 is the…?•Calcaneous•2 is the…?•Talus•3 is the…?•Navicular•4 is the…? •Cuboid•5 is the…? •First Cuneiform• 6 is the…? • Second Cuneiform• 7 is the…? • Third Cuneiform• 8 is the…? • First metatarsal• 9 is the…?• Proximal phalange• 10 is the…?• Middle phalange• 11 is the…?• Distal phalange• Name the landmarkLateral Malleolus1.2.3.4. 1?Talus2? Navicular3?1st Cuneform4?CalcaneousMedial viewWhat term refers to the great toe?Hallux or HallicusName the actionsInversion Eversion??Name the two movements at the toes•Toe flexion •Toe extension1. Name the action2. Name the actionDorsi FlexionPlantar Flexion45736211.Phalanges2.Metatarsals3.Cuneiforms4.Navicular5.Talus6.Cuboid7.Calcaneus•Name the landmarkName the actions of the ankle to the left and the ankle to the right.Eversion! !! ! InversionName the action•Plantar flexionName the action•Inversion•Name them all1. Calcaneous2. Talus3. Navicular4. Cuboid 5. First Cuneiform6.Second Cuneiform7.Third Cuneiform8. Third Metatarsal (and Fifth Metatarsal)Name the action at the ankle joint.•Plantar flexion•Name the action at the metatarsal phalange joint•Extension or


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EIU PED 2440 - THE ANKLE AND FOOT

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