IITETER: alcaic (the most common meter in the odes and named for the Greek poetAlcaeus, who lived on the island of Lesbos at the end of the seventt, ""tttrr.f n.i.y.The first two lines of the stanza have the same pattern; the last two lidifferent. A diaeresis is frequently found in the first two lines of each rdifferent. A diaeresis is frequently found in the{two lines):Ile las[ two llnes arelines of each stanza.stanza.ll-lr------- - _-_:I Vid€s: the subiect is Thaliarchus, addressed in line 8, with whom Horace is sharinghis-thoughts on the proper enjoyment of youth. *ut, how. alte... nive: ablatiiEof description ("with . . ."|. Tianslate with stet or candidum. stet: what moodand construction? The subiect is S0racte. *nix, nivis (/), snow.candidus, -a, -um, bright, gleaming.2 soracte, StDractis (nf, Mt. Soracte, about 25 miles north of Rome. nec iam: ,,and(how) no longer." sustineant: the subject is silvae {3}. onus: i.e., of snow whatdeclension, gendeq, and case?3 gehl, -us (n), icg cold.4 constd, c0nstete (l), constitl cdnstetum, to stand still. constiterint: what mood andtense? acfitus, -a, -um, sharp, piercing.5 -frigus, lrigoris (n), cold,-coldnessl chill.* lignum, -i (n], wood, log. ligna: obiect of- . re_p61cns. :upeT l+-abl.l, on, high upon. focus, -i (m], hearth, firdplace.'6 larg€, freely abundantly. lepo-no, reponere {3}, reposui, repositum, to place, pileup.. -benignus, -a, -um, kind, generous, liberal. benignius: what'degree of ihe ad-verb?'d€Drdm0, d€prOmere (3), deprOmpsi, d€prOmptum, to bring out, fetch.quadrimus, -al -um, four-year-old. -*sabinus, -a, -um, sabine. The sabine region ofItaly where Horace had his simple estate, was northeast of Rome. sabinal . . dio-_-tej- ablr2tive of separation. Presumably the wine, as well as the iar, is sabine.8 Thaliarchus, -i (m), a fictitious young mhn whose name in Greek means ,,master ofceremonies," *merum, -i (nl, undiluted wine. wine.ine, wine.ceremonies," *merum, -i (n),diota, -ae (fl {Greek loan word, meaning two-eared), jar.permitto, permittere-(3), permisi, pe-rmissum, to surrender, leave. divus, -i (m|,god. qui simul: "for as soon as they (i.e.,'the gods). . . i, -simul: = ,i-oi "", ",soon as.l0 sternO, sternere (3|, stravl stratum, to force down, calm, still. strevere: = streve-runt. aequote: : in aequore. fervidus, -a, -um, hot, raging.ll d€proelidns, dcproeliantis, struggling battling. depioeliantii J d€proeliantes.*cuptessus, -i (/f, cypress tree. Note that the names of trees are feminine in the 2nddeclension.12 agito (l|, to toss, shake, stir. ornus, -i (/), ash tree. The cypress and ash are tallerthan most trees and are proportionally more subiect to ihe force of the winds.l3 Quid . . . cres: indirect question, with quaerere. sit futtrrum: ,,is going to be,;t ;,is to- happen." The word futtirum modifies quid and is an adiective hEre. "fuge: : nOli, don't (+ infinitivel.14 quem... dabit: the clause is the object of appone. quem... cumque: translate asone word with dicrum dependent -on it, "*hateverlof) days." The- separation of acompound word into its parts with other words in beiween is called tmesis.Fo_rs, Fortis (fl,-Fate. See,pages 3-4 of the Introduction for a general account ofHorace's philosophy. lucrum, -i (n), profit, gain. lucr0: dative of purpose withapp6ne, "for profit,,, ,,as gain.,,15 appon6, apponere (3f apposui, appositum, to apply reckon, count. *dulcis, -is, -e,sweet. dulcis: : dulc€s. amor, amoris (mf,-love, pleasure of love.16 spern6, spernere (3|, spr€vi,-spr€tum, to reiect, scom. puer: ,,while aboy,,,,,inyouth." chor€a, -ae lfl, dance. trl chor€is: what verb-do you need to zupply?56IIl0HORACE I.9Horace on Enioying One,s youthIn the first stanza ofof chtll winter. Whatpoem!this poem Horace presen$is Thaliarchus urgZd to doThaliarchus with a vtsionin the rcmainder of theVides ut alta stet nive candidumSoracte, nec iam sustineant onussilvae laborantes, gelDquelumlna constiterint acuto.Dissolve frigus ligna super focoIarg_e reponens atque benigniusqeprome quadrimum Sabina.O Thaliarche, merum dioia.Permitte divis cetera, qui simulstravere ventos aequore fervidodeproeliantrs, nec cupressrnec veter€s agitantur ornr.Quid sit futurum cras, fuge quaerere etquem Fors dierum c,r-qui dabit, lucroappone nec dulcis amor€ssperne puer neque tu choreas.(continued)5717 donec... mdrdsa (18): "as long as moody (morosa) white-old-age (ceniti€s) is far. away from you-in-your-bloom {virenti}." vired, vir€re (2), virui, to be green withvegetation, be full of youthful vigor. ceniti€s, -ei {l), white coloring/ grayness, oldage.18 mOrdsus, -al -um/ set in one's ways, hard to please, moody. Although the root ofthis adjective is m6s, m0ris (m), custom, Horace may well want us to hear in thebackground the similar-sounding word, mors, mortis (/), death. Nunc: the scenechanges to a vision o{ springtime in Rome. campus: : Campus Martius, thelarge playing field outside the old walls of Rome. Campus, ereae (18), and susurri(19) are all subjects of repetantur {20). area, -ae (/), open area, square.19 l€nis, -is, -e, soft, gentle. sub (+ acc.l, at the approach of, just be{ore.susurrus, -i (m), sigh, whisper.20 compositus, -a, -um, established, appointed. composita . . . hore: what case?Why? repetantur: what mood and construction?2l nunc. . . pertinici (24): supply the present subjunctive of the verb repetere for thetwo subjects, rlsus (22) and pignus (23). Word order: et nunc gretus risus, prdditorlatentis puellae, ab (from) intumo anguld {repetAtur) pignusque, d€reptum lacertisaut digitO male pertinici, (repetitur). *late6, lat€re (2), latui, to be concealed,hide. prdditor, proditoris (m), betrayer. intumus, -a, -um, inner, secret.22 risus, -us {m), laughter. angulus, -I (m), corner (i.e., hiding place).23 pignus, pignoris {n), pledge. pignus . . . pertinici (24): Horace is describing a simpleand universal rite of youthful romance. A boy might try to take a bracelet fromthe girl's arm or a ring from her finger as a pledge (pignus) of her love. She willput up only a minimum of resistance. dcripio, dcripere (3), deripui, dereptum, totear off, snatch away. lacertus, -r (m), upper arm/ arm. lacertis... digitO {24):what case and why?24 digitus, -i (m), finger. male ladv.), badly, (here, idiomatic) scarcely, barely.pertinex, pertinecis, resisting.58z0donec virenti canities abestmorosa. Nunc et campus et areaelen€sque sub noctem susurricomposita repetantur hdra,nunc