tvIETf,R: fourth asclepiadean. The pattern is(asclepiadean, two lines) --ll -----:(pherecratean) -- -, - -:(glyconic) - - -:I Quis: : qui. Take the interrogative adjective with gracilis . . . puer. The boy is ag-gressively pursuing Pyrrha ( : te in line I ), about whom we will hear more as thepoem unfolds. multa . . . in rosi: "amid many a rose," "on a bed ofroses./' gracilis, -is, -e, slender.2 perfundo, perfundere (3), perfudi, perfusum, to soak, drench. liquidus, -a, -um,fluid, flowing. urge6, urg€re (2), ursi, to press, woo, embrace.odor, odoris {m), smell, fragrance, perfume3 Pyrrha, -ae lfl, the woman to whom the poem is addressed. In Greek, Pyrrha means"redhead," from the Greek word pyr, "Iire." antrum/ -i (n), cave, grotto.4 Cui... ?: "For whom... l" -flevus, -al -um/ yellow, golden-yellow.religO (I), to tie back. coma, -ae lf), hair.5 simplex munditiis: "simple in your refinements." munditia, -ae lt'l, re{inement, eleg-ance. heu, alas. quotiens, how often, how many times. Iidem: supply muta-tam. Pyrrha's faith{ulness (fidem) and the support of the gods (deos) will oftenseem mutable and unpredictable to the boy6 flebit: the subject is puer. asper, aspera, asperum, rough, harsh. The words asperanigris aequora ventis 16-71 are a good example of interlocked word order. For thepoetic device/ see question I on Catullus 87.7 'aequor, aequoris (n), sea. aequora: object of €mirabitur {8).8 €miror, Cmireri (l), €mirdtus sum, to wonder at, be astonished at.insol€ns, insolentis, unaccustomed (i.e., to the sight), surprised, inexperienced.9 fruor, frui (3), fructus sum {+ abl.l, to enyoy delight in, possess.crcdulus, -al -um/ trusting/ gullible. aureus/ -a, -um/ golden, resplendent.l0 qui... sp€rat (ll): supply te futrlram esse to fill out the indirect statement.vacuus, -a, -um, frce, available. "amabilis, -is, -e, lovely lovable.nescius, -a, -um l+ gen.l, unaware of, ignorant of. 'aura, -ae lfl, breeze.fallex, fallacis, false, deceitful, treacherous. Miseri: supply sunt pueri.intemptatus, -a, -um, untried, untested. .niteo, nitcre (2), to shine, glitter. M€:translate in this order: sacer padcs tabula votivi indicat mc suspendisse uvidavestimenta d€o potenti maris. tabula, -ae lfl, tablet. Survivors of a shipwreckwould set up a tablet and hang up "wet" clothes as a dedication to Neptune.14 vdtivus, -a, -um, votive, vowed, promised. pari€s, parietis (mf, wall (here, of ashrinc or temple). indico (l), to show, proclaim. uvidus, -a, -um, wet.l5 suspendd, suspendere (3), suspendi, suspcnsum, to hang up. suspendisse: why is aninfinitive used here, and what tense is it? potenti .. . deo {16): dative or abla-tivc? How does the context help you decidell6 vestimentum, -i {n), clothing, garment.What slender Youth bedew'd with liquid odoursCourts thee on Roscs in some pleasant Cave,Pyrrha? for whom bind'st thouIn wreaths thy golden Hair,Plain in thy neatness? O, how oft shall heOn Faith and changed Gods complain, and SeasRough with black winds and stormsUnwonted shall admire,Who now enjoys thee credulous, all Gold;Who always vacant, always amiableHopes thee; of flattering galesUnmindful. Hapless theyTo whom thou untried seem'st fair. Me in my vow'dPicture the sacred wall declares t'have hungMy dank and dropping weedsTo the stern God of Sea.(fohn Milton)54ltt2t3HORACE T.5To PyrrhaQuis multa gracilis te puer in rosaperfusus liquidis urget odoribusgrato, Pyrrha, sub antro?Cui flavam religas comam/s simplex munditiis? Heu quotiens fidemmutatosque deos fl€bit et asperanigrrs aequora ventrsemirabitur insolens,qui nunc te fruitur credulus auree/l0 qur semper vacuam/ semper amabilemspOrat, nescius auraefallacis. Miserr, quibusintemptata nites. Me tabula sacervotivd paries indicat uvida15 suspendisse potentivestrmenta maris deo.l.oWhat is happening in the first stanza? How do the order and choice of wordsteflect the scene?Why is the boy crying in the second stanza? What discovery has he made?Discuss Horace's use of winds and water to symbolize the boy's discovery.Compare the word order in the phrase tE ftuitur crEdulus aured (91 to that ingracilis tc puer (l). What reversal has taken place? Comment on the effectivenessof repetition in lines 9-10.What is a "false breeze" (awae Iallecis, ll-12) and why would it be dangerous toa sailor and a lovet? What pun might Horace be making on the words auraefallacis?What persdna (for a definition, see question 2 on Catullus 8) does Horace adopt inthe final stanza? Why are allusions to the sea so prominent in this poem? Whatdo the poet and the boys have in common?What do the words flavam (41, aureii (91, nites (13), and the name Pyrrha tell usabout Pyrrha's attraction to boys? Where else in the poem does Horace use coloreffectively?Ronald Storr spent many years collecting translations of this poem. The result:Ad Pyruham, a Polyglot Collection of Tlanslations (Oxford, 1955) with 451 ver-sions in twenty-six languages. One version from that collection is quoted on theopposite page. How well does it