METER: hendecasyllabic (see Catullus 5). In line 4, ait is scanned as two short sylla- bles. 1 nescio quern: "someone or other." The indefinite pronoun nescio quis, nescio quid was initially a phrase that meant "I don't know who," "I don't know what." Note that only the quis, quid part declines. corona, -ae (f], garland, circle (of people], audience, crowd. It was a common sight in Rome to see a circle of bystanders gathered in a basilica (Roman law court] to watch a trial. 2 'mirificus, -a, -urn, wonderful, marvelous. Vatinianus, -a, -um, of Vatinius (Publius Vatinius, whom Calvus was prosecuting). 3 crimen, crirninis (n), crime, charge. Calvus, -i (m), Gaius Licinius Calvus (82-ca. 47 B.c.), an orator, poet, and close friend of Catullus. explico (I), to explicate, explain, set forth. explicasset: = explicavisset: what mood, tense, and construc- tion! 4 ait, (he] says. haec: "the following words." 5 salaputium disertum: "what an eloquent little squirt." salaputium, -i (n), little man. Calvus was apparently short. METER: elegiac couplet, a Greek variation on the dactylic hexameter, the meter used for epic and some long poems, such as Homer's Iliad, Vergil's Aeneid, and poem 64 of Catullus. The elegiac couplet was used for a variety of purposes, including drinking songs, epitaphs, love poems, lamentations, and reflections. The origin of the words elegiac and elegy is uncertain, but it is clear that the elegiac meter was not confined to serious subjects. The elegiac couplet consists of a line in dactylic hexameter and a pentameter, the latter of which is dactylic except for the third and sixth feet, where only the long syllable of the dactyl remains. The first four feet of the hexameter line may be either dactylic (- - - ) or spondaic (- -1; the fifth foot is regularly a dactyl, and the sixth a spondee or trochee (--I. In the pentameter line, the first two feet may be dactylic or spondaic, but the fourth and fifth feet are always dactylic. -- -- -- -- -- - Hexameter: --1--1--]--(--I-- Pentameter: -~~-~~-~[---~---~= A caesura may fall in the second, third, or fourth foot of the hexameter. The pen- tameter line has no regular caesura but instead a diaeresis [word-end between metrical feet here frequently coinciding with a pause in the sense] after the third foot. 1 Nulli . . . malle: translate in this order: mea rnulier dicit se nulli nubere malle. Explain the construction of each infinitive in this line. nubo, nubere (3), nupsi, nuptum ( + dat.), to get married to. 2 se: i.e., the rnulier mentioned in line 1. petat: what mood and tense! This is the first half (protasis] of a future less vivid condition. How is the protasis of this type of conditional sentence translated! 3 quod: place quod after sed and translate: "but what a woman says. . . ." This clause is the object of scribere in line 4. cupidus, -a, -um, desiring, lusting. *amans, amantis (m 1, lover. 4 oportet, oportere (21, oportuit (+ infinitive), it is necessary, one ought.CATULLUS 53 An Amusing Incident at the Law Court What is the dramatic situation of this short poem! What did Catullus find humorous! 1 Risi nescio quem mod0 e corona, 2 qui, cum mirifice Vatiniana 3 meus crimina Calvus explicasset, 4 admirans ait haec manusque tollens: 5 "di magni, salaputium disertum!" 1. Compare this poem to poem 49. What are the clues in both poems that Catullus was critical of the excessive rhetorical styles (verbal and theatrical1 of certain lawyers and orators? 2. We know that Cicero and Calvus often faced each other in trials. What is the difference in tone between poem 49 to Cicero and poem 53 on Calvus? CATULLUS 70 Words, Words, Words! This is one of several poems in which Catullus tries to analyze the failure of his love affair with Lesbia. What is the theme or central idea of this short poem! What is the tone! 1 Nulli se dicit mulier mea nubere mille 2 quam mihi, non si se Iuppiter ipse petat. 3 Dicit: sed mulier cupido quod dicit amanti, 4 in vento et rapida scribere oportet aqua. 1. At the center of this poem is the poet's use of irony. Are we to believe that the woman is saying one thing but meaning another (rhetorical irony] or is she unaware of the real significance of her words as the poet and audience under- stand them (dramatic irony)? Which irony do you feel that the poet is using? Defend your answer with reference to this and other poems of Catullus. 2. Find examples of repetition and hyperbole. Why are they effective devices in this poem? 3. A fragment from Sophocles (ca. 496-406 B.C.] reads: "I write the oath of a woman onto water!' Why are winds and waters such fitting receptacles for empty promises? 4. Compare poem 70 with the following translation of an epigram by the Greek poet Callimachus (ca. 305-ca. 240 B.C.; see Introduction, p. 1). How has each poet treated the same theme differently? What is the difference in tone? Callignotus swore to Ionis that he would hold neither man nor woman dearer than her. He swore: the truth is that love's oaths do not enter the ears of the immortals. Now he burns for a man, while of the poor girl, as of the Megarians, there is no word or