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Final Exam Review: Sentences II: Purpose Clauses, Result Clauses Purpose clauses Markers: purpose clauses begin with ut (for “so that”) or nē (for “so that … not) clause has verb in present or imperfect subjunctive. Tenses: If the verb of the main clause is present or future, the present subjunctive is in the ut clause. If it is a past tense, the imperfect subjunctive is in the ut clause. Examples Present tense: ad portum prōcēdimus ut nāvem videāmus. We are going to the harbor to see the ships / so that we can see the ships / in order to see the ships / so that we might see the ships. liberōs puniō nē illī malī fiant. I punish my children so that they will not become bad (etc.) celeriter respondeō ut omnēs sentiant mē intelligēns esse. I answer quickly so that everyone will realize that I am intelligent. Past tense: omnia pārāvi ut celerius proficiscerem. I prepared everything so that I could set out more quickly. Rōmae habitabant ut multās gentēs vidērent. They lived in Rome so that they could see many peoples (gens – races, nations, cland, “types of people”) Rōma discesserat nē multās gentēs vidēret. He had left Rome so he wouldn’t have to see a many types of people. Practice: 1. hastam iecit ut hostēs interficeret. 2. civitātem ardentem effugērunt nē interficerentur. 3. haec dixit ut omnēs ei parērent. 4. lignum in focō ponit ut ignis crēscat. 5. vinum bibit ut bene dormiat.Result clauses Markers: The first clause will almost always have a word like tantus, tam, ita, adeo, etc. (so much, of such a kind, to such a degree …) clause begins with ut or nē Tenses (1) If the verb of the main clause is present or future, the present subjunctive shows things that are happening at the same time the perfect subjunctive shows things that happened before. -urus, -a, um plus present tense of sum, esse (subjunctive), shows things that will happen in the future. Examples: Helena tam pulchra est ut omnēs eam ament. Helen is so beautiful that everyone loves her. Helena tam pulchra est ut omnēs eam amāverint. Helen is so beautiful that everyone has loved her. Helena tam pulchra est ut omnēs eam mox amātūrī sint. Helen was so beautiful that soon everyone would love her. Tenses (2) If the verb of the main clause is a past tense, the imperfect subjunctive shows things that are happening at the same time the pluperfect subjunctive shows things that happened before -urus, -a, um plus inperfect tense of sum, esse (in subjunctive) shows things that will happen in the future. Examples Helena tam pulchra erat ut omnēs eam amārent. Helen was so beautiful that everyone loved her. Helena tam pulchra erat ut omnēs eam amāvissent. Helen was so beautiful that everyone had loved her. Helena tam pulchra erat ut omnēs eam mox amātūrī essent. Helen was so beautiful that soon everyone would love her. Practice 1. Tam intellegēns sum ut semper celeriter respondeam. tantos amicos habeo ut numquam timeam. 2. tantum scīvit ut superbus factus esset. 3. tam pulcher erat ut omnēs eum admirārentur.4. mare tam asperum est ut nāvigāre nōn possimus. 5. pater ita locūtus est ut omnēs eī crēderent. 6. tam bonās epulās faciēbāmus ut multī apud nos cēnārent. Mixed practice (purpose and result): 1. tantum gladium fert ut nēmo eum pugnet. 2. illum gladium fert nē aliquis eum pugnet. 3. nox tam atra erat ut nihil vidēremus. 4. puella ita flēvit ut māter ad eam cucurrisset. 5. puella magnā voce flēvit ut māter ad eam curreret. 6. fidem habēmus ut bene vivāmus. 7. carpe diem nē misera sis. 8. ita expavescit ut nihil factūrus sit. 9. ita expāvit ut nihil factūrus esset. 10. tam parāta erat ut omnia perīcula


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