PSYC 4220 1st Edition Lect ure 23 Outline of Last Lecture I II III IV V VI VII Development of Friendship Categorizing Play Social Aspects of Play Associative Play Cooperative Play Pretend Play Aggression Outline of Current Lecture I II III Gender Typed Behavior Perspectives on Gender Biological Perspectives on Gender Social Learning Current Lecture Gender Typed Behavior Part of the reason that this difference exists is because they play differently Girls pattern of play is known as enabling play supportive and cooperative expressing agreement o this type of play with girls tends to foster intimacy with your friends and equality within groups o It also prolongs the interactions with girls because they are being cooperative and supportive so there is no conflict and the play time lasts longer Boys use constricting restrictive style competitive and aggressive o This makes the play partner withdraw or not want to play as long o A lot less equality in boy play and a type of hierarchy is often enforced One of the ways these differences show up is in the way they talk to each other Boy are more likely to use demands and imperative sentences when talking to each other Girls are more likely to use requests questions The way the girls talk is not as effective when they are playing with boys because the girls friendliness does not come across with the boys and they are walked all over and get all fed up with the boys and not being able to get their point across Gender typed Behavior continued Boys often pushed harder to conform to gender typed behavior Boys quicker to have gender typed toy preferences more rigid Girls more likely to play with boy toys say they were tom boys 1 2 of college women wish they were boys Why Masculine traits more valued by society Girls given more freedom to cross gender boundaries Boys toys activities more interesting entertaining Perspectives on Gender Biological Biological differences between sexes lead to gender differences Example Prenatal hormonal differences Androgenized females more likely to be tomboys have male interests friends Even being exposed to slightly more testosterone correlated with more masculine preferences Perspectives on Gender Social Learning Gender roles develop through reinforcement punishment and observational learning imitation o Direct Tuition reinforcing appropriate behaviors punishing inappropriate ones Even before 2yo parents reinforce children for gender congruent behavior Parents who do this most kids who label own gender earlier have stronger genderrelated preferences have greater understanding of gender stereotypes Fathers more likely than mothers Starting in preschool parents reduce direct tuition and peers take over o 2 year olds critical of kids playing with opposite gender toys boys are rewarded for playing with boy toys and actively discouraged from asking for help whereas little girls are rewarded for asking for help
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