PSYC 4220 1st Edition Lecture 8 Outline of Last Lecture I Maternal Characteristics Part 2 A Diet B Teratogens II Birth and Newborn A Perinatal Environment B Cesarean Section Outline of Current Lecture I II Cesarean Sections Birth Complications A Low birth weight B Post mature III After Birth Current Lecture Cesarean Sections Incision made through abdominal wall and into uterus Infant and placenta removed through opening Used for many reasons Examples fetal distress slow labor progression multiple births breech births certain STIs Infant born by C sections have greater risk of breathing difficulties Rate of C section in U S are way higher Not same level of stimulation to latching on as with vaginal birth Mother s recovery 6 8 weeks Mother at increased risk of infection complications during future pregnancies Birth Complications Low birth weight Less than 5 5 lbs 2 types Pre term born before 38 weeks Small for date Birth weight far below normal even when born full term At greater risk for complications Causes Multiple births Maternal factors such as malnutrition Very low birth weight less than 2 25 lbs or 30 weeks gestation Born before 25 weeks 50 chance of survival 22 weeks is the age of viability The earliest it can be born and still have a chance of survival Birth Complications Complications caused by low birth weight breathing difficulties Underdeveloped sensory systems Difficulty forming secure attachments to caregivers Learning difficulties lower IQs Higher risk for heart disease type 2 diabetes asthma Smaller earlier greater risks May reduce these problems with interventions after birth Only 10 have significant problems by age 1 Problems may show up later 38 have minor problems by age 6 Causes of low birth weight 50 unknown Age Multiples Environmental factors Post mature infants still unborn 2 week after due date Blood supply to placenta diminished Larger baby more difficult delivery Most doctors will induce labor After Birth the infant Apgar tests used to assess newborn status by checking Appearance color pink Pulse over 100 beats minute Grimace reflexes crying coughing clearing throat Activity muscle tone Respiration Check once right after birth again 5 minutes later Apgar score of 7 10 good 4 or lower need medical attention Only 10 of babies get below a 7
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