GEOL1010 Hour Exam 1 21 Sept., 2009 (Yellow test question numbers in parentheses) 1.(6) In the scientific method, an observation in the laboratory or field is considered reliable (fact) if it is a) consistent with previous hypotheses b) consistent with the prevailing theory c) repeated by independent investigators d) made by a reputable scientist e) approved by the Office of the Scientist General 2.(7) The outermost rock layer of the solid Earth that is about 7km thick in the ocean basins and about 30 km thick in the continents is called the: a) asthenosphere b) mantle c) crust d) lithosphere e) core 3.(8) The layer in the Earth that undergoes brittle fracture to produce earthquakes and is about 80 km thick in the ocean basins and about 120 km thick in the continents is called the: a) asthenosphere b) mantle c) crust d) lithosphere e) core 4. (9)The region in the Earth’s interior that undergoes plastic deformation to allow the continents to move without breaking up is called the: a) asthenosphere b) mantle c) crust d) lithosphere e) core 5. (10)The Earth’s crust composes about what percentage of the total mass of the planet? a) 0.025% b) 0.5% c) 10% d) 33% e) 67% 6.(11) The age of the Earth, as indicated by radiometric dating of meteorite, lunar, and terrestrial rocks, generally believed to be: a) 10 billion years b) 4.5 billion years c) 545 million years d) 40 million years e) 7000 years. 7(12). The most abundant element in the core is a) hydrogen b) oxygen c) iron d) silicon e) quartz 8(13). The inner core of the Earth is composed of a) solid silicate b) liquid silicate magma c) liquid metal d) solid metal e) olivine. 9(14). The mantle of the Earth is composed of a) solid silicate rock b) liquid silicate magma c) liquid metal d) solid metal e) layers of liquid and solid silicate 10(15). The surface geologic processes on the Earth are mostly driven by an external heat engine. The source of energy for this engine is: a) radioactive decay of U, Th, and K. b) thermonuclear fusion in the sun. c) burning of fossil fuels d) thermonuclear fusion in the Earth’s core e) tides driven by lunar gravitation. 11(16). Relative to continental crust, the oceanic crust is a) Thick (>20km), old ( >1000 Myr), and light ( = <2.8 g/cm3) b) Thick (>20km), young ( <200 Myr) and light ( = <2.8 g/cm3) c) Thin (<10km), old ( >1000 Myr), and dense ( = >3.0 g/cm3) d) Thin (<10km), young ( <200 Myr) and dense ( = >3.0 g/cm3) e) Thick (>20km), young ( <200 Myr) and dense ( = >3.0 g/cm3) 12(17). The west coast of South America is an active plate boundary where the Pacific Plate is being subducted beneath the South American continent and is an example of a: a) continent-continent convergent boundary b) ocean-continent convergent boundary c) ocean-ocean convergent boundary d) divergent plate boundary e) transform plate boundary13(18). New ocean crust is being created along the East Pacific Rise. This is an example of a(n): a) continent-continent convergent boundary b) ocean-continent convergent boundary c) ocean-ocean convergent boundary d) divergent plate boundary e) transform plate boundary 14(19). The number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus is known as the: a) atomic number b) nuclear weight c) mass number d) ionic charge e) ionic weight. 15(20). A fundamental atomic particle that has an electric charge of zero, a rest mass of 1.67 x 10-24 gm, and forms part of the atomic nucleus is known as a(n): a) neutron b) proton c) quark d) meson e) electron 16(21). Diamond and graphite are different minerals that have the same composition, pure carbon, but different crystal structures. They are known as a) isomorphs b) pseudomorphs c) polymorphs d) polyhedra e) tetrahedra. 17(22). The atomic number of the element hydrogen (H) is 1. 2H is: a) an atom with one proton and one neutron b) an ion with a charge of +2 c) a molecule composed of two atoms of hydrogen d) an atom of tritium e) an atom of helium. 18(23). The atomic number of the element hydrogen (H) is 1. H2 is: a) an atom with one proton and one neutron b) an ion with a charge of +2 c) a molecule composed of two atoms of hydrogen d) an atom of tritium e) an atom of helium. 19(24). Atoms of the same element with different mass numbers are known as: a) ions b) isotopes c) molecules d) isomers e) polymers. 20.(25) A naturally occurring, homogeneous solid of definite chemical composition and ordered atomic arrangement that is usually formed by inorganic processes is known as a(n) a) element b) mineral c) rock d) crystal e) planet. 21(26). A small, tabular igneous body that has intruded between the layers of sedimentary rocks so that it is conformable (i.e., not discordant) with the sedimentary layers is known as a: a) aa b) sill c) stock d) dike e) pluton. 22(27). The composition of the black igneous rock in the oceanic crust is said to be a) ultramafic b) mafic c)intermediate d) silicic (felsic) e) granitic 23 (28). A rock formed by the processes of melting, cooling, and crystallization is called: a) igneous b)metamorphic c) hydrothermal d) sedimentary e) limestone. 24. (29)A gabbro is the intrusive, coarse-grained compositional equivalent of a: a) rhyolite b) basalt c) andesite d) granite e) peridotite. 25(30). The density of water is 1.00 g/cm3 (gram per cubic centimeter). Ice floats on water. The density of ice is about: a) 0.92 g/cm3 b) 1.5 g/cm3 c) 2.7 g/cm3 d) 8.0 g/cm3 e)22 g/cm3 26(31). The polymerization of SiO4 tetrahedra in a magma: a) increases with increasing silica content b) causes a change of color c) causes an electrical discharge d) is a major cause of earthquakes e) causes a rise in pressure..27(32). Weathering of granitic rocks and transport of the weathering products on the land surface sorts the minerals by: a) weight b) grain size c) color d) density e) composition 28(33). The most abundant rock on the ocean floor is a) limestone b) basalt c) shale d) granite e) andesite 29. (1) A rock formed by solid state recrystallization of sedimentary or igneous rock is called: a) igneous b)metamorphic c) hydrothermal d) sedimentary e) limestone. 30(34). The
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