GEOL1010 Sample Test 4/exam 2007 1. A water well that flows without pumping is called a) artesian b) bountiful c) karst d) vadose e) effusive 2. The ability of a fluid to flow through a rock is known as the rock's: a) airspace b) permeability c) porosity d) viscosity e) texture 3. Which of the following rock types is likely to form the least permeable sediment (aquiclude or aquitard)? a) shale b) basalt c) limestone d) sandstone e) fractured granite 4. The standing water level in a water well or bore hole is known as the: a) saturated zone b) artesian line c) water table d) aquitard e) float line 5. In the in a good aquifer in the saturated zone, the pore pressure in the soil or rock is that of the a) atmosphere b) water column c) rock column d) vacuum e) ocean floor 6. Karst topography is characterized by small closed basins, depressions, and underground drainage. The rock that underlies most karst topography is: a) shale b) basalt c) sandstone d) granite e) limestone. 7. The geologic setting of most geyser systems is: a) active volcanic b) granitic c) stable cratonic d) sedimentary e) high-grade metamorphic. 8. The boundary between drainage basins is known as a: a) recharge area b) discharge break c)knick point d) drainage divide e) basin rim. 9. The average elevation fall along a stream bed in ft/mi (U.S.) of m/km (rest of world) is its: a)discharge b)flow rate c) gradient d)drainage basin e)slope 10. If a stream is flowing at an average velocity of 2 ft/s (feet per second) and is 10 ft across with an average depth of 1 ft, its discharge in cubic feet per second (cfs) is: a) 2 cfs b) 10 cfs c) 20 cfs d) 40 cfs e) 200 cfs. 11. Elevation descents in excess of 100ft/mi (~20m/km) are characteristic of a)waterfalls b)mountain streams c) small rivers d) mature rivers in their lower drainage basins. e) pool & drop rivers of arid uplands. 12. A cut off meander in a stream is called a(n): a) point bar b) retention pond c) oxbow d) braid pond e) cut-off . 13. The Colorado River flows into (first encounters salt water at) the: a) Atlantic Ocean b) Gulf of Mexico c) Pacific Ocean d)Gulf of California e)Great Salt Lake 14. Water in the San Luis Valley near Alamosa flows into the Rio Grande and eventually drains to (first encounters salt water at) the; a) Gulf of Mexico at New Orleans b) Gulf of Mexico at Brownsville, TX c) Atlantic Ocean d)Gulf of California e)Great Salt Lake 15. The presence of many channel bars in a river (i.e., a braided stream) indicates that: a) the river is actively eroding its bed b) the river is flowing up gradient c) the river dries up periodically d) the river is actively depositing in its bed. e) the river has a steep gradient.16. The outwash deposit of a mountain stream that flows into a desert valley is called a(n) a) alluvial fan b) barchan c) crescent d) dune e) till 17. A crescent-shaped dune with limbs upwind is called a a) parabolic or blowout dune b) barchan c) croissant d) transverse dune e) longitudinal dune 18. A long desert dune oriented at parallel to the prevailing wind is a a) parabolic dune b) barchan c) playa d) transverse dune e) longitudinal dune 19. An ephemeral (temporary) lake in a closed desert valley is a(n): a) arroyo b) bajada c) playa d) largo e) sinkhole 20. The pebble and cobble surface on a desert floor is known as: a) till b) breccia c) loess d) rock flour e) desert pavement 21. The region of a desert landscape marked by high relief, sparse or absent vegetation, and little or no soil is the: a) arid zone b) bajada c) zone of erosion d) zone of deposition e) playa. 22. Deserts tend to have high relief with abundant steep slopes and cliffs because: a) the wind is very strong b) the land is rising c) there is little vegetation to prevent water erosion d) deserts are tectonically active e) there is no rain 23. The black manganese oxide coating that commonly forms on vertical rock surfaces in deserts is called a) desert pavement b) desert varnish c) petroglyphs d) rock flour e) loess 24. Deserts tend to occur in regions that are characterized by: a) tropical latitudes b) ascending air masses c) descending air masses d) high winds e) abundant sand 25. Any large permanent (non-seasonal) mass of ice that is formed on land and moves under the force of gravity is a a) snowfield b) crevasse c) icefall d) glacier e) avalanche 26. The line dividing the zone of accumulation from the zone of wastage (ablation) on a valley glacier is called the: a) snow line b) bergschrund c) cirque d) drumlin e) terminal moraine 27. Tensional fractures in the surface of a glacier are called: a) arêtes b) bergschrunds c) crevasses d)drumlins e) seracs 28. Compressional waves on the surface of a glacier are called a) avalanches b) bergschrunds c) ogives d) crevasses e) seracs 29. A ridge of till down the center of a glacier is called a(n): a) lateral moraine b) end moraine c) medial moraine d) drumlin e) esker. 30. A narrow knife-edge ridge connecting two peaks in glacier-eroded mountains is a(n): a) arête b) bergschrund c) cirque d) crevasse e) ogive31. Wind-deposited silt-sized particles of glacial rock flour can form significant deposits in periglacial regions. This material is called: a) karst b) till c) loess d) moraine e) breccia 32. An asymmetric ridge in dipping sedimentary layers, such as the Flatirons, is known as a a) hogback b) mesa c) plateau d) flatiron e) cuesta 33. Valleys eroded by fast-moving, high-gradient mountain streams have a characteristic: a) V-shape b) U-shape c) flat bottom d) broad flood plain e) meander pattern 34. A low-relief coastline with barrier islands, lagoons and estuaries is characteristic of a) arctic coasts b) submergent coasts c) tectonically active coasts d) tropical coasts e) emergent coasts 35. Rocky headlands, sea caves, sea stacks and small inlet beaches are characteristic of a) emergent coasts b) submergent coasts c) drowned coasts d) tropical coasts e) arctic coasts 36. The wave motion of water extends to a depth of approximately a) 1m b) 1/2 wavelength c) 10m d) 1 wave height e) 100m 37. The bending of waves by slowing in shallow water so that they approach nearly perpendicular to the shore is called a) inflection b)
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