Chapter 15 Climate Systems Clicker Question What is the approximate CO2 content of the atmosphere A 0 004 40 ppm B 0 04 400 ppm C 0 4 4000 ppm D 4 40 000 ppm E 40 400 000 ppm Clicker Question What is the approximate CO2 content of the atmosphere A 0 004 40 ppm B 0 04 400 ppm C 0 4 4000 ppm D 4 40 000 ppm E 40 400 000 ppm Clicker Question The CO2 content of the atmosphere has increased by more than 20 in the past 50 years A True B False Clicker Question The CO2 content of the atmosphere has increased by 19 in the past 50 years A True B False Systems What is a system Geologic phenomena are complex All processes are related to and interact with other processes So it is useful to think of geologic processes as systems or cycles 1 Earth Systems Earth Interior Systems Mantle Convection and Plate Tectonics Core Convection and Magnetic Field Rock Cycle weathering metamorphism Atmospheric Biospheric Systems Hydrologic Cycle Ocean Cycles Circulation and El Ni o Carbon Cycle CO2 in atmosphere Oxygen Cycle Earth Interior Systems Rock Cycle Igneous Weathering Sedimentation Metamorphism Mantle Cycle Mantle Convection Crust Formation and Subduction Plate Tectonics Water Cycling Core Convection Magnetic Field Ozone shield Earth Interior Systems Deep Water Cycle Earth Interior Systems Deep Water Cycle 0 2 H2O in subducting crust is sufficient to recycle the oceans once in 4 Gy Oceans 0 025 of Earth mass is maintained by a deep cycle of H in high pressure minerals H solubility in rock is responsible for the style of plate tectonics Atmospheric Biospheric Systems Human Impact Hydrologic Cycle Evaporation Transport Precipitation Flow Ocean Cycles Global Circulation El Ni o Carbon Cycle Greenhouse Gas CO2 Photosynthesis Carbon Carbonates Oxygen Cycle O2 in atmosphere is biogenic Incompatible with methane CH4 Hydrologic Cycle in 1000 s km3 y Ocean crust hydrates on ocean bottom Crust and lithosphere subduct 90 of water is returned at arc volcanoes 1 to 10 of this water goes deep This water is returned at mid ocean ridges 2 Carbon Cycle Natural Sources and Sinks Carbon Cycle Anthropogenic Carbon Cycle CO2 3 Carbon Cycle Warming Sea Level Rise Thermal Expansion of water Melting Glaciers Increased Storm Intensity Warming Vulnerable US Cities Carbon Cycle New Orleans Houston Corpus Christi Mobile Orlando Miami Climate Cycles Eccentricity 4 Climate Cycles Tilt Ocean Cycle El Ni o Climate Cycles Precession Continental Drift Continental Drift and Ocean Circulation Past Climate History 18O 16O Variation in Ice Cores Oxygen isotopes are fractionated by evaporation and precipitation The vapor prefers the lighter isotope Cold global temperatures deplete 18O in ice and enrich it in ocean water Isotope variation can be measured in ice cores and in ocean sediments CO2 variation can be measured in gas bubbles in ice Both methods provide evidence of large variation in global temperatures 5 Atmospheric Biospheric Systems Human Impact Hydrologic Cycle Evaporation Transport Precipitation Flow Ocean Cycles Global Circulation El Ni o Carbon Cycle Greenhouse Gas CO2 Photosynthesis Carbon Climate Learning Goals What is a greenhouse gas How does it trap heat How much CO2 do we have now What are main sources and sinks Do we have a record of past CO2 Do we have a record of Earth temperatures Carbonates Oxygen Cycle O2 in atmosphere is biogenic Incompatible with methane CH4 Earth Systems Terms Carbon Cycle Rock Cycle Mantle Cycle Greenhouse Gas El Ni o La Ni a Climate Learning Goals Atmosphere is in equilibrium with surface Cycles and Systems Hydrologic Cycle Surface shallow deep Ocean circulation heat transport Carbon Cycle Sources and sinks Oxygen Cycle Where does it come from Rock Cycle weathering transport Next Chapter 16 Weathering Erosion Mass Wasting Does weathering of rock remove or add CO2 to the atmosphere A Adds B Removes C No effect on CO2 Next Chapter 16 Weathering Erosion Mass Wasting Does weathering of rock remove or add CO2 to the atmosphere A Adds B Removes C No effect on CO2 6
View Full Document
Unlocking...