GEOL1010 Hour Exam 2 18 Oct 2010 1 Most earthquakes occur a at depths greater than 400 km b at depths less than 100 km d in the central regions of plates cratons e in the lower mantle 2 The deepest earthquakes occur at a depth of about a 50km b 100km c 400km d 670km c at passive continent margins e 2900km 3 Seismic waves that travel through the interior of the Earth and propagate by shear movement perpendicular to propagation are a P waves b body waves c tsunamis d S waves e surface waves 4 The point on the Earth s surface directly above the rupture that causes an earthquake is known as the a fracture zone b Benioff zone c subduction zone d focus e epicenter 5 The exact location of the epicenter of an earthquake can generally be determined from a the time difference between body and surface wave arrivals at three different stations b The time difference between P and S wave arrival times at three stations to determine distance and then using triangulation c the exact time of the surface wave arrivals at three different locations d the direction of first movement of the S wave arrivals at three different stations e the magnitude of the P waves at three different stations 6 A high grade metamorphosed limestone is a a amphibolite b eclogite c granite d schist e marble 7 Every mineral or mineral assemblage has a range of temperatures and pressures at which it is the most stable configuration of the elements present With increasing temperature at constant pressure such mineral assemblages typically become a cooler b coarser c finer grained d more dense e less dense 8 Extensive reverse faulting in an area is an indication of regional a tectonic compression b tectonic extension c metamorphism d tectonic shear e tectonic uplift 9 The fault responsible for the Haitian earthquake of January 2010 trends east west across the southern coast of Haiti and Dominican Republic At this fault the northern block has moved to the west left and the southern block to the east right without much vertical movement This is an example of a a dip slip fault b left lateral strike slip fault c right lateral strike slip fault d thrust fault e reverse fault Questions 10 12 refer to the faults illustrated in the diagram below 10 11 12 1 10 In this type of fault the upper block has moved up along a low angle fault plane relative to the lower block This type of fault is a e nobody s fault a reverse fault b thrust fault c normal fault d strike slip fault 11 In this type of fault the upper block has moved up relative to the lower block This type of fault is a a reverse fault b thrust fault c normal fault d strike slip fault e not my fault 12 In this type of fault the upper block has moved down relative to the lower block This type of fault is a a reverse fault b thrust fault c normal fault d strike slip fault e your fault 13 The angle measured from the horizontal perpendicular to strike to any tilted planar feature in the rock such as bedding is the a inclination b strike c declination d dip e tilt 14 The age of most metamorphic rocks in Colorado is a less than 550 million years b more than 4 billion years d about 6000 years e less than 65 million years c between 1000 and 2000 million years 15 The Hadean Eon includes the time of the accretion of the planet up to about 4000 million years ago and constitutes about what percentage of Earth history a 5 b 15 c 25 d 50 e 85 16 Dinosaurs roamed the land surface from about 250 million to about 65 million years ago This era is subdivided into the Triassic Jurassic and Cretaceous which together are known as the a Hadean b Proterozoic c Phanerozoic d Mesozoic e Pleistocene 17 Which of the following radioactive isotopes is formed in the atmosphere by cosmic ray bombardment a 14C b 40K c 87Rb d 238U e 235U 18 40K has a half life of 1 3 billion years and decays to 40Ar Why can t K Ar dating be used to date sandstone a 40K half life too short b 40K half life too long c No K in quartz or sandstone d daughter 40Ar not retained by quartz or sandstone e 40K can only be used to date organic K taken from the atmosphere by plants 19 A conglomerate formation has been intruded by a basalt dike The basalt was dated radiometrically at 78 million years Based on this date we can infer the conglomerate layer to be a more than 78 million years old b 78 million years old c less than 78 million years old d nearly 7000 years old e no inference is possible 20 If the amount of a radioactive isotope is 1 16 the amount originally present how many half lives have gone by a 2 b 3 c 4 d 8 e 16 21 A break in the sedimentary geologic record where the older rocks have been tilted and eroded prior to resumption of sedimentation is called an angular unconformity Such a break implies a a nearby subduction zone b major thrust faulting in the area c An asteroid impact in the area d a nearby volcanic eruption e A gap in the sedimentary record of 100 million years or more 22 Where in the solar system is the asteroid belt a Beyond Pluto in the outer solar system b Between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter c Between Earth and Mars d Between Saturn and Uranus e Inside the orbit of Mercury 2 23 Select the prediction s inconsistent with the Nebular Hypothesis a All planets should orbit the Sun in the same direction b All planets should orbit the sun in a roughly common plane c Inner planets should be enriched in volatile elements compared to the outer planets d All the above are predictions inconsistent with nebular hypothesis 24 The outer planets are a Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn d Jupiter Saturn Neptune Uranus b Mercury Venus Earth Mars e Venus Earth Mars Jupiter c Pluto and Charon 25 The stable interior part of the continent is known as the a terrane b shield c craton d plume e orogeny 26 An episode of mountain building is known as a n a allocthon b horst c graben d craton e orogeny 27 A small slice of new continental crust added onto the margin of a continent is a n a accreted terrane b allocthon c shield d craton 28 The Canadian Shield is a part of the a Rocky Mountain orogenic belt d North American accreted terrane b continental hot spot e Artic Ocean Basin e epeirogeny c North American craton 29 Gradual upward and downward movement of crust without extensive deformation is known as a an accreted terrane b allocthonous c orogeny d cratonic e epeirogeny 30 The oldest true fossils …
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