EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS What s your favorite volcano Volcanoes and Volcanic Rocks Famous Volcanoes Basalts Dotsero CO Kilauea Mauna Loa Haleakala Hekla Andesites Fuji St Helens Ranier Shasta Stromboli Vesuvius Popocatepetl Orizaba Pel e Rhyolites Yellowstone Valles Long Valley Crater Lake Pinatubo Krakatao Santorini Campi Phlegri Naples Where do volcanoes occur Do you clean your volcanoes regularly Where do volcanoes occur Plate Boundaries 98 Divergent Ocean ocean convergent Ocean continent Convergent Hot wet Spots 1 Where do volcanoes not occur Most Volcanoes are at Plate Boundaries Cratons Passive continental margins Oceanic abyssal plains Continent continent convergent boundaries Igneous Rock Names and Compositions Composition Name Ultramafic Mafic Intermediate Silicic felsic Intrusive Volcanic Rock Name Rock Name Peridotite Gabbro Diorite Granite Komatiite Basalt Andesite Rhyolite Magma and Lava Magma is the term for any molten silicate material whether below the surface or on top Volcanic rocks are erupted on the surface Volcanic rocks are fine grained 1 mm Lava is the term for a magma on the surface Most Volcanoes are at Plate Boundaries Geologic Settings 2 Basaltic Eruptions Pahoehoe Hawaii Basalt Low Viscosity High Temperature 1000 1200 C Normally Quiescent Lava Flows Aa early low temperature blocky flow Pahoehoe later high temperature ropy flow Pillow Lavas underwater flow Edifice Shields Cinder cones Aa Hawaii Basalt Cinder Cone Pu uo o Hawaii Basalt Pillow Lava Kauai Basalt Most Volcanoes are at Plate Boundaries 3 Cinder Cone Caldera Basalt Skjaldbreidur Shield Basalt Caldera Basalt Halemaumau Basalt Flow Grand Canyon 1My old Columnar Basalt Basaltic Eruptions Low Viscosity High Temperature 1000 1200 C Normally Quiescent Lava Flows Aa early low temperature blocky flow Pahoehoe later high temperature ropy flow Pillow Lavas underwater flow Edifice Shields Cinder cones 4 Famous Volcanoes Basalts Dotsero CO Kilauea Mauna Loa Haleakala Hekla Vulcan s Throne Andesites Fuji St Helens Ranier Shasta Stromboli Vesuvius Popocatepetl Orizaba Pel e Etna Rhyolites Yellowstone Valles Jemez Long Valley Crater Lake Pinatubo Krakatao Santorini Campi Phlegri Naples Andesite Eruptions Most Volcanoes are at Plate Boundaries Geologic Settings Higher viscosity higher polymerization Lower temperature More water more explosive Subduction zone volcanism Flows Viscous lava flows Pyroclastic flows Edifice Composite Cones Clicker Question Clicker Question Plate tectonics explains the global pattern of volcanism Plate tectonics explains the global pattern of volcanism Which volcanic environment will on average produce the most felsic silicic lavas Which volcanic environment will on average produce the most felsic silicic lavas A Mid ocean ridge B Island arc C Continental arc D Oceanic hotspot A Mid ocean ridge B Island arc C Continental arc D Oceanic hotspot 5 Clicker Question Clicker Question Plate tectonics explains the global pattern of volcanism Plate tectonics explains the global pattern of volcanism What composition volcanic rocks characterize magmatism at mid ocean ridges What composition volcanic rocks characterize magmatism at mid ocean ridges A Carbonatite B Basalt C Andesite D Rhyolite A Carbonatite B Basalt C Andesite D Rhyolite Andesite Flow Mt Shasta Composite Cone Mt Fuji Japan Composite Cone Mt Daisen Composite Cone Llaima Volcano Chile 6 Ash Flow Eruption Llaima Volcano Chile Composite Cone Mt St Helens 7 Andesite Eruptions Higher viscosity higher polymerization Lower temperature More water more explosive Subduction zone volcanism Flows Viscous lava flows Pyroclastic flows Nu e Ardente Edifice Composite Cones Famous Volcanoes Basalts Dotsero CO Kilauea Mauna Loa Haleakala Hekla Vulcan s Throne Andesites Fuji St Helens Ranier Shasta Stromboli Vesuvius Popocatepetl Orizaba Pel e Etna Rhyolites Yellowstone Valles Jemez Long Valley Crater Lake Pinatubo Krakatao Santorini Campi Phlegri Naples Clicker Question Which of the following is an example of a basalt volcano A Mt St Helens B Yellowstone C Mauna Loa D Mt Pinatubo E Mt Fuji Clicker Question Clicker Question Which of the following is an Which of the following is an example of a basalt volcano A Mt St Helens B Yellowstone C Mauna Loa D Mt Pinatubo E Mt Fuji example of an andesite volcano A Kilauea B Yellowstone C Mauna Loa D Mt Pinatubo E Mt Fuji 8 Clicker Question Which of the following is an example of an andesite volcano A B C D Kilauea Yellowstone Mauna Loa Mt Pinatubo E Mt Fuji Rhyolite Eruptions Rhyolite Eruptions Very high viscosity Low temperature 600 800 C Massive Pyroclastic eruptions Air fall pumice Ash Flow Nu e Ardente Tuff Obsidian Flows Edifice Caldera 5 25 km Resurgent dome Geologic Settings Associated Phenomena Hot Springs Geysers Fumaroles Geologic Setting Continental Margins and Interiors Subduction Zones Pumice Glass foam Ash Flow Tuff with Air Fall Units pumice 9 Ash Flow Tuff Unit Ash Flow Tuff Unit Non Welded Top Welded Core Vitrophyre Non welded base Silicic Tuff Units Jemez NM Sulfur Fumarole Nysseros Obsidian Flow Non welded Air Fall Units Caldera with Cinder Cone Crater Lake OR 10 Rhyolite Eruptions Geyser Very high viscosity Low temperature 600 800 C Massive Pyroclastic eruptions Old Faithful Yellowstone Air fall pumice Ash Flow Nu e Ardente Tuff Obsidian Flows Edifice Caldera 5 25 km Resurgent dome Andesite Eruptions Basaltic Eruptions Higher viscosity higher polymerization Lower temperature More water more explosive Subduction zone volcanism Flows Low Viscosity High Temperature 1000 1200 C Normally Quiescent Lava Flows Aa early low temperature blocky Viscous lava flows Pyroclastic flows flow Pahoehoe later high temperature ropy flow Pillow Lavas underwater flow Edifice Edifice Shields Cinder cones Composite Cones Crater Lake OR Crater Lake OR A Basalt A Basalt B Andesite B Andesite C Rhyolite C Rhyolite 11 Mt St Helens Mt St Helens A Basalt A Basalt B Andesite B Andesite C Rhyolite C Rhyolite Kilauea Kilauea A Basalt A Basalt B Andesite B Andesite C Rhyolite C Rhyolite Geologic Settings Most Volcanoes are at Plate Boundaries 12 Famous Volcanoes Basalts Dotsero CO Kilauea Mauna Loa Haleakala Hekla Andesites Fuji St Helens Ranier Shasta Stromboli Vesuvius Popocatepetl Orizaba Pel e Rhyolites Yellowstone Valles Jemez Long Valley Crater Lake Pinatubo Krakatao Santorini Campi Phlegri Naples Volcanic Terms EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS Ultramafic Mafic Intermediate Silicic Basalt Andesite Magma Lava Aa Pahoehoe
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