GEOL1010 Hour Exam 1 Sample 1 The inner core of the Earth is composed of a solid silicate b liquid silicate magma c liquid metal d solid metal e olivine 2 The upper mantle of the Earth is composed of a solid silicate b liquid silicate magma c liquid metal d solid metal e green cheese 3 The water of the Earth s oceans covers more than 70 percent of the surface but composes only what fraction of the mass a 50 b 10 c 1 d 0 5 e 0 025 4 What is the most likely geologic setting in which to find basaltic volcanism a continent continent convergent boundary e g Himalayas b ocean continent convergent boundary e g Andes Mountains c ocean ocean convergent boundary e g Fiji Tonga d ocean ocean divergent plate boundary mid ocean ridge and oceanic islands e transform plate boundary e g San Andreas Fault zone 5 The earliest fossils of complex multi celled organisms like trilobites are of about what age a 4 55 billion years Hadean b 3 8 billion years Archean c 1 8 billion years Proterozoic d 550 million years Cambrian e 66 million years Tertiary or Cenozoic 6 An external heat engine drives most of the surface processes on the Earth The source of energy for this engine is a radioactive decay of U Th and K b thermonuclear fusion in the sun c burning of fossil fuels d gravitational collapse of the solar nebula e tides driven by lunar gravitation 7 Plate motion is believed to be driven by solid state convection of the silicate mantle This convection is driven by the Earth s internal heat engine which is powered by a radioactive decay of uranium thorium and potassium b thermonuclear fusion in the sun c burning of fossil fuels d fission reactions in the Earth s core e radioactive decay of 14C 8 The age of the Earth as indicated by radiometric dating of meteorite lunar and terrestrial rocks generally believed to be a 10 billion years b 4 5 billion years c 545 million years d 40 million years e 7000 years 9 In the scientific method an observation in the laboratory or field is considered fact if it is a consistent with previous hypotheses b consistent with prevailing theory c repeatable d made by a reputable scientist e cited by a reputable scientist 10 The atomic number of an element is a the number of protons in the nucleus d protons plus neutrons in the nucleus b the neutron in the nucleus c the number of electrons e the average number of protons plus neutrons 11 Oxygen has 8 protons in the nucleus 16O is a an oxygen atom with 8 protons and 8 neutrons b an oxygen ion with a charge of sixteen c a molecule composed of sixteen atoms of oxygen d an oxygen atom with sixteen neutrons e an atom of sixteenium 12 MgSiO3 is a a chemical formula with one atom of magnesium one atom of silicon and three atoms of oxygen b a polymer c a compound with 60 weight percent oxygen and 20 weight percent silicon and 20 weight percent magnesium d a pyroxene e a feldspar 13 The most abundant element in the Earth s crust and mantle is a aluminum b boron c silicon d magnesium e oxygen 14 For a given element the average mass number number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus is known as the a atomic number b atomic weight c mass number d ionic charge e ionic weight 15 The number of electrons lost by an element in chemical reactions is its common ionic charge This is also known as its a atomic number b atomic weight c mass number d valence e ionic weight 16 Those elements of the periodic table that form metallic bonds with iron and are enriched in the core of the Earth and in iron meteorites are termed a atmophile b siderophile c chalcophile d lithophile e thermophile 17 A naturally occurring homogeneous solid of definite chemical composition and ordered atomic arrangement that is usually formed by inorganic processes is known as a n a element b mineral c rock d crystal e planet 18 Forsterite Mg2SiO4 and fayalite Fe2SiO4 are different chemical end members of olivine and have the same crystal structure They are known as a isomorphs b pseudomorphs c polymorphs d mightymorphs e tetrahedra 19 The minerals calcite and aragonite both have the formula CaCO3 but have different crystal structures These minerals are known as a isomorphs b pseudomorphs c polymorphs d mightymorphs e tetrahedra 20 Which of the following is a native element mineral a pure element that occurs naturally a quartz b beryl c calcite d graphite e pyrite 21 An example of a natural solid that is not a mineral is a diamond b ice c obsidian d gold e graphite 22 In the crystal structures of the common silicate minerals each silicon atom is surrounded by four oxygens in the form of a a triangle b tetrahedron c hexahedron d octahedron e dodecahedron 23 Each of the oxygens in quartz is bonded to two silicon atoms whereas in olivine each oxygen is bonded to only one Si atom The degree to which the oxygens are shared between to Si atoms is the degree of a allocation b bifurcation c polymerization d differentiation e elongation 24 The compositions of rocks composed almost entirely of quartz alkali feldspar and mica are said to be a felsic or silicic b intermediate c mafic d ultramafic e basaltic 25 A small igneous body of rock that has intruded into a sedimentary rocks and has an outcrop area of less than about 100 km2 is known as a a aa b sill c stock d dike e pluton 26 Which of the following is an ultramafic rock a granite b basalt c gabbro d diorite 27 Ultramafic rocks are primarily found in the a oceanic crust b continental crust c mantle e peridotite d core e ocean islands 28 Although silica SiO2 composes 40 to 70 by weight of most igneous rocks the mineral quartz SiO2 is only abundant in the rock a lherzolite or peridotite ultramafic b gabbro c diorite d basalt e granite 29 A rock formed by the processes of solid state recrystallization of pre existing rock is called a igneous b metamorphic c hydrothermal d sedimentary e limestone 30 A rock formed by the processes of melting followed by cooling and crystallization is called a igneous b metamorphic c hydrothermal d sedimentary e limestone 31 the most abundant mineral in ultramafic rocks is typically a quartz b feldspar c mica d olivine 32 A gabbro is the coarse grained compositional equivalent of a a rhyolite b basalt c andesite d granite e epidote e peridotite 33 A well sorted fine grained quartz sandstone exhibiting large and extensive cross bedding was probably deposited in a a alluvial fan b lagoon c abyssal plain d desert e shallow sea 34 A sedimentary rock composed of rounded sand pebble and cobble sized
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