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CU-Boulder GEOL 1010 - Exam 3

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GEOL1010 Sample Hour Exam 3 1. The processes of oxidation, hydration, and biological activity act to break down rocks at the Earth's surface. Together, these processes constitute: a) acid rain b)mechanical weathering c) chemical weathering d)mass wasting e)metasomatism. 2. Chemical weathering is most rapid which type of climate: a) cold and wet b) cool and wet c) cool and dry d) warm and wet e) warm and dry 3. Oceanic crust is more easily subducted than continental crust because: a) oceanic crust contains more water that continental crust. b) oceanic crust contains less water that continental crust. c) oceanic crust is younger than continental crust. d) oceanic crust is thinner than continental crust. e) oceanic crust becomes much denser than continental crust on subduction. 4. Plate motion is generally believed to be driven by: a) the solar wind b) tidal forces c) thermal convection in the solid mantle d) thermal convection in the outer core e) thermal convection in the crust 5. Ocean-ocean convergent boundaries of tectonic plates are commonly marked by: a) abyssal plains b) deep trenches c) submarine canyons d) lines of sea-mounts e) central valleys of mid-ocean ridges 6. An episode of mountain building is known as a(n): a) allocthon b) horst c) graben d) craton e) orogeny. 7. A small slice of new continental crust added onto the margin of a continent is a(n): a) accreted terrane b) allocthon c) shield d) craton e) epeirogeny. 8. Gradual upward and downward movement of crust without extensive deformation is known as: a) an accreted terrane b) allocthonous c) orogeny d) cratonic e) epeirogeny. 9. The Canadian Shield is a part of the: a) Rocky Mountain orogenic belt b) continental hot spot c) North American craton d) North American accreted terrane e) Artic Ocean Basin 10. Most earthquakes occur: a) at depths greater than 400 km b) at depths less than 100 km c) at passive continent margins d) in the central regions of plates (cratons) e) in the lower mantle. 11. The deepest earthquakes occur at a depth of about: a) 50km b) 100km c) 400km d) 670km e) 2900km. 12. Seismic waves that travel through the interior of the Earth and propagate by compression (movement parallel to propagation) are: a) P-waves b)body-waves c) tsunamis d) S-waves e)surface waves 13. The exact location of the epicenter of an earthquake can generally be determined from: a) the time difference between body and surface wave arrivals at three different stations b) using P- and S-wave arrival times at three stations to determine distance and then using triangulation. c) the exact time of the surface wave arrivals at three different locations d) the direction of first movement of the S-wave arrivals at three different stations. e) the magnitude of the P-waves at three different stations.14. The underground location of the actual fault movement that causes an earthquake is known as the: a) fracture zone b) Benioff zone c) subduction zone d) focus e) epicenter 15. The most abundant rock in the Earth's upper mantle is an olivine-rich, ultramafic rock called a) granite b) gabbro c) peridotite d) granodiorite e) eclogite 16. The lower boundary of the Earth's crust is marked by: a) a seismic reflector known as the Moho b) the low velocity zone c) the 400 km discontinuity d) the core-mantle boundary e) the transition zone. 17. The Earth's mantle is composed of: a) solid silicate rock b) molten silicate(magma) c) molten iron metal d) solid iron metal e) solid granite. 18. The Earth’s inner core is composed of a) solid silicate rock b) molten silicate (magma) c) molten iron metal d) solid iron metal e) melted cheese 19. An inclusion of a high pressure rock from a deep source, a so-called ‘strange rock’, in a volcanic rock is called a: a) pyroxenite b) kimberlite c) clinker d) ophiolite e) xenolith 20. The water of Earth's oceans composes about what portion of the total mass of the Earth? a) 0.025% b) 0.5% c)5% d)20% e) 71% 21. The seismic discontinuities at 410 and 660 km depth are thought to be caused by: a) major faults b) poor data c) caverns d) mineral phase transitions e) melting 22. We know that the core is composed predominantly of iron metal because: a) There is a permanent magnetic field and iron is one of the few ferromagnetic materials. b) Iron metal is abundant in meteorites and has about the right density to match that of the core. c) Iron metal is abundant in volcanic rocks and has about the right density to match that of the core. d) Iron is highly compressible. e) Iron metal is a good electrical conductor. 23. Paleomagnetism is the study of: a) magnetic fossils b) the history of the use of the magnetic compass c) ancient attractions d) the history of the Earth’s magnetic field as recorded in rocks e) the physics of old magnets. 24. The Earth's magnetic field is caused by: a) permanent magnetization of magnetic minerals in the crust b) permanent magnetization of the solid iron core. c) electrical and convection currents in the molten outer core. d) the solar wind e) electrical currents in the mantle. 25. The oceanic crust is: a) thick (>30km), dense (ρ > 3.0), and old (>200 Myrs) b) thick (>30km), light (ρ < 3.0), and old (>200 Myrs) c) thin (<30km), light (ρ < 3.0), and young (<200 Myrs)d) thin (<30km), dense (ρ > 3.0), and young (<200 Myrs) e) thick (>30km), light (ρ < 3.0), and young (<200 Myrs). 26. We know that the Earth has a molten (liquid) outer core because: a) It erupts as magma periodically. b) It "sloshes" giving rise to a rotational wobble. c) The outer core does not transmit S-waves. d) The outer core shows tidal movements. e) The outer core does not transmit P-waves. 27. For any homogeneous fluid with positive thermal expansion, the rising of warm portions and sinking of cooler portions in a gravitational field is known as: a) conduction b) advection c) convection d) induction e) subduction. 28. The imperceptibly slow movement of unconsolidated soils downslope (commonly indicated by curving tree trunks and non-vertical poles, stakes and grave markers) is known as: a) slump b) creep c) landslide d) debris flow e) talus slope. 29. A movement of a coherent mass of rock


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CU-Boulder GEOL 1010 - Exam 3

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