GEOL1010 Sample Hour Exam 3 1 The processes of oxidation hydration and biological activity act to break down rocks at the Earth s surface Together these processes constitute a acid rain b mechanical weathering c chemical weathering d mass wasting e metasomatism 2 Chemical weathering is most rapid which type of climate a cold and wet b cool and wet c cool and dry d warm and wet e warm and dry 3 Oceanic crust is more easily subducted than continental crust because a oceanic crust contains more water that continental crust b oceanic crust contains less water that continental crust c oceanic crust is younger than continental crust d oceanic crust is thinner than continental crust e oceanic crust becomes much denser than continental crust on subduction 4 Plate motion is generally believed to be driven by a the solar wind b tidal forces c thermal convection in the solid mantle d thermal convection in the outer core e thermal convection in the crust 5 Ocean ocean convergent boundaries of tectonic plates are commonly marked by a abyssal plains b deep trenches c submarine canyons d lines of sea mounts e central valleys of mid ocean ridges 6 An episode of mountain building is known as a n a allocthon b horst c graben d craton e orogeny 7 A small slice of new continental crust added onto the margin of a continent is a n a accreted terrane b allocthon c shield d craton e epeirogeny 8 Gradual upward and downward movement of crust without extensive deformation is known as a an accreted terrane b allocthonous c orogeny d cratonic e epeirogeny 9 The Canadian Shield is a part of the a Rocky Mountain orogenic belt d North American accreted terrane b continental hot spot e Artic Ocean Basin c North American craton 10 Most earthquakes occur a at depths greater than 400 km b at depths less than 100 km d in the central regions of plates cratons e in the lower mantle 11 The deepest earthquakes occur at a depth of about a 50km b 100km c 400km d 670km c at passive continent margins e 2900km 12 Seismic waves that travel through the interior of the Earth and propagate by compression movement parallel to propagation are a P waves b body waves c tsunamis d S waves e surface waves 13 The exact location of the epicenter of an earthquake can generally be determined from a the time difference between body and surface wave arrivals at three different stations b using P and S wave arrival times at three stations to determine distance and then using triangulation c the exact time of the surface wave arrivals at three different locations d the direction of first movement of the S wave arrivals at three different stations e the magnitude of the P waves at three different stations 14 The underground location of the actual fault movement that causes an earthquake is known as the a fracture zone b Benioff zone c subduction zone d focus e epicenter 15 The most abundant rock in the Earth s upper mantle is an olivine rich ultramafic rock called a granite b gabbro c peridotite d granodiorite e eclogite 16 The lower boundary of the Earth s crust is marked by a a seismic reflector known as the Moho b the low velocity zone c the 400 km discontinuity d the core mantle boundary e the transition zone 17 The Earth s mantle is composed of a solid silicate rock b molten silicate magma d solid iron metal e solid granite c molten iron metal 18 The Earth s inner core is composed of a solid silicate rock b molten silicate magma d solid iron metal e melted cheese c molten iron metal 19 An inclusion of a high pressure rock from a deep source a so called strange rock in a volcanic rock is called a a pyroxenite b kimberlite c clinker d ophiolite e xenolith 20 The water of Earth s oceans composes about what portion of the total mass of the Earth a 0 025 b 0 5 c 5 d 20 e 71 21 The seismic discontinuities at 410 and 660 km depth are thought to be caused by a major faults b poor data c caverns d mineral phase transitions e melting 22 We know that the core is composed predominantly of iron metal because a There is a permanent magnetic field and iron is one of the few ferromagnetic materials b Iron metal is abundant in meteorites and has about the right density to match that of the core c Iron metal is abundant in volcanic rocks and has about the right density to match that of the core d Iron is highly compressible e Iron metal is a good electrical conductor 23 Paleomagnetism is the study of a magnetic fossils b the history of the use of the magnetic compass c ancient attractions d the history of the Earth s magnetic field as recorded in rocks e the physics of old magnets 24 a b c d e The Earth s magnetic field is caused by permanent magnetization of magnetic minerals in the crust permanent magnetization of the solid iron core electrical and convection currents in the molten outer core the solar wind electrical currents in the mantle 25 The oceanic crust is a thick 30km dense 3 0 and old 200 Myrs b thick 30km light 3 0 and old 200 Myrs c thin 30km light 3 0 and young 200 Myrs d thin 30km dense 3 0 and young 200 Myrs e thick 30km light 3 0 and young 200 Myrs 26 We know that the Earth has a molten liquid outer core because a It erupts as magma periodically b It sloshes giving rise to a rotational wobble c The outer core does not transmit S waves d The outer core shows tidal movements e The outer core does not transmit P waves 27 For any homogeneous fluid with positive thermal expansion the rising of warm portions and sinking of cooler portions in a gravitational field is known as a conduction b advection c convection d induction e subduction 28 The imperceptibly slow movement of unconsolidated soils downslope commonly indicated by curving tree trunks and non vertical poles stakes and grave markers is known as a slump b creep c landslide d debris flow e talus slope 29 A movement of a coherent mass of rock and soil a short distance typically along a curved lower surface such as happened at the intersection of highway 93 and U S 6 in Golden is known as a a slump b slip c landslide d debris flow e talus slope 31 The air fluidized high velocity descent of a mass of debris and or snow and ice a is known as a n a slump b slip c landslide d debris flow e avalanche 32 Which of the following rock types is likely to form the least permeable sediment aquiclude or aquitard a shale b basalt c limestone d sandstone e fractured granite 33 In the in a good aquifer in the …
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