Exam 1 Study Guide: Lectures: 1-8 COMM 1000 1st EditionLecture 1 Why do people study communication? There are four major points as to why people study communication. One it is prevalent, it is happening all the time. Quality and health communicating builds relationships, and a lot can stress people out, speak to doctor’s. What is Communication? Communication is the sharing of experience. The process of creating a meaning between two or more people. The process of communication of managing message for the purpose of creating shared meaning. It’s a transaction between at least two people who are simulating sending and receiving messages. In the transactional model there are important steps in it these are, input, filters, messages, channels, interference, technical interference, semantic interference. Other elements in the transactional model are listening, filter, and feedback. There are different levels of communications there’s intrapersonal communications which is communication with oneself. Interpersonal communication is communication with another. Interviewing communication transaction focused on a question answer pattern. It is mostly formal, face to face or mediated. An example of interviewing is Dr. Office. There’s also intercultural communication, communication between members of different groups. Small group communication, the process by which three or more members of a group exchange verbal or nonverbal message in an attempt to influence one another. Examples families, juries, peer groups. Lecture 3 Continuing the different levels of communication. Public communication one or few individuals to an audience an example is lectures. Mass communication, messages disseminated on large scales, example are tv, radio, movies, booksThere are five main communicative goals. Understanding, accurate reception of the intended content, one main point about understanding is Primary failure. Primary failure is failure to achieve content accuracy. Pleasure, communicating with others in way that enhances a sense of mutual well-being. Attitude influence, process of changing a reformulating attitudes. Improved relationships, secondary failure in human communication, this is a disturbance in human relationships that result from misunderstanding. Action, it is arguably the most difficult outcome to produce.Lecture 4 Studying communication as a science. How is communication as a science? The humanistic approaches, there’s public speaking, interpretivists, critical scholars. There are two basic flavors when it comes to communication as a science. One is qualitative social scientist. The second is quantitative social science. The scientific method is empirical, carefully observe and measure. Objective, aim is to remove bias and use a set of rules and procedures. Logical, inferences from data areconsistent and rational. Public, finding reported to scientific community. Major research design content analysis, survey, experiment. Content analysis, systematic analysis of content communication messages. Survey research, this examines what people think or do, relies mainly on self-reports. Experimental research, manipulation, control of other variables, measure effect/outcome. Lecture 5 Perception, what is perception? Perception is the sensory experience. There are different types of perception. There’s self-perception (impression formation), self-perception is how we perceive ourselves. There are many biases in self-perception. Self Concept is your relatively stable impression of your self. There are two theories of self concept, they are looking glass self and self-expansion model. An important element in perception is self-esteem. Self-esteem is one chief measure of self-concept. Its out feeling of self-worth. Self-esteem is affected by our social comparisons and our self-perception. Lecture 6 How do we perceive the social world? Why are there biases in perception? What are the different kinds of biases? There’s self-serving bias and dispositional. What is impression formation and how do people form impressions of others. What are stereotypes and why are they formed? Effects of stereo-types, carry a negative tone, person is not perceived as an individual but as a member of category. Lecture 7 The concepts of verbal communication. Explain what language is and the kinds ofrules. How does language help us communicate? What is the sapir-whorf hypothesis? Language and meaning is different within different cultures. Explain some of theproblems we face with language like abstract language, inference, dichotomies, euphemisms, and equivocal. Sexist language, is the USA considered sexist? How is male and female language different? The conversational structure, what is under each floor?Lecture 8What is non-verbal communication? The categories of nonverbal, there are four different kinds. There are eight ways of sending non verbal messages: paralanguage, objectics, proxemics, orientation, haptics, kinesics, oculesics, and chronemics. What are some of the cues to tell if someone is being