Comm 1000 1st edition Lecture 7Outline of last lecture l. Language Problems ll. Culturelll. Sexist languagelV. Gender, sex, sexuality communication Outline of current lectureV. Non verbal communication Vl. 8 ways of sending non-verbal messages Vll. Deception and non-verbal communication Current lecture V. Non-verbal communication A. What is non-verbal communication? - Use of objects, actions, sounds, time, and/ or space to convey meaning. - Messages transmitted without words. B. Categories of NVC - Nonverbal/vocal- Vocalization such as groans or sighs- Also pitch and tone - Nonverbal/nonvocal - Facial expressions and physical gestures- Verbal/vocal - Spoken words- Verbal/nonverbal- Words but no speaking: a letter or a book. C. Importance of nonverbal - 65% of meaning conveyed - Much of nonverbal is spontaneous- honest - Give additional information to words or message. - Verbal/nonverbal contradictions- people believe nonverbal (kinesic slips) D. NVC’s relationship to VC- Complementing - Supporting verbal communication- Regulating - Moderating and controlling interaction - Substituting - Replacing - Contradicting - Going against verbal communication - IllustratingComm 1000 1st edition - A verbal message or word Vl. 8 ways of sending NV messages A. Paralanguage - Any vocal cues that aren’t words (volume, rate, fluency, pitch, quality).B. Objectics- Personal appearance, adornments, car, and desk lampC. Proxemics - Space, distance, territory - Interpersonal distance or claiming our space- Culturally influenced - Many individuals differences - Elevators, parks, floor tiles. D. Hall’s Proxmics - Edward T. Hall- Studied space use- American definition of space- Intimate 0-18’(top secret)- Personal 18’-4’ (personal subject matter)- Social 4-12’ (nonpersonal information) - Public 12= feet (public information for others t hear)E. Orientation - Angle of your body as you interact- Seating preferences at rectangular table- Conversation (center and to the side)- Cooperation (same side)- Competition (both centered across from each other- Coaction (one on each side)F. Haptics- Haptics- Physical touch communication o Affect, control, ritual, sexual, playful, accidental, instrumental - Touch is crucial to well being- Touch can signal affiliation/relationship- Kissing, hugging, play fighting, high five- Associated with familiarity, trust, and liking. - Touch can also indicate dominance - A punch or shove- An unwelcomed arm on the shoulder - Distinguishing between touch as liking and touch as dominance is difficult- Biological sex differences - Men find more forms of touch sexual- Some studies illustrate that age and marital status influence male and female perceptions of touch.Comm 1000 1st edition G. Kinesics - Study of gestures and facial expression- Facial expression - How do we communicate with our faces?- Can be intentional (a smile)- Can be unintentional (anxiety can be conveyed via facial expressions)- Ex. Raised eyebrows:o Culturally sensitiveo May be surprise o May be a question - Frown o Not universally understood as sadness- Smile o Duchene smile is pretty universal for happy - Body movement gestures - Still kinesics- Movement of hands and body conveys meaning- Agreement about meaning differs from person to person- Meaning is dependent on contexto E.g. handshake, come here gesture, and okay gesture are all culturally sensitive. - Types of movements and gestures o Illustrations: show and accompany wordso Emblems: substitute for wordso Affect display: show emotion- sometimes unintentional o Adapters: habitats and small gestures w/o inherent meaning H. Oculesics - Use of eye contact or eye gaze- Regulating interactionso Eye contact lowest when speaking/ highest when listening - Indicating attraction - Showing power and dominance - Differs by gender or biological sex?o Women use more eye contact- Eye gaze is more important than we usually realize - It’s culturally sensitive - High eye contact versus low eye contact?I. Chronemics- Communication thorough the use of time- What is late or early - What is it okay to call after a first date?- Why do I get flustered at my friend’s FB response times- Many cultural differencesComm 1000 1st edition - Monochronic versus Polychronic cultures Vll. Deception and nonverbal communication A. Can we use nonverbal cues to tell is someone is lying?- Leakage- Nonverbal signals of deception- Tend to depend on spontaneous or rehearsed lying- Usually focus on face but people are good at controlling it B. Facial behaviors - Deceivers uses more fake smiles (only fake)- Deceivers blink more and have more pupil dilation C. Vocalic Behaviors- Deceivers have higher pitch - Vocal stress and nervousness increase- Deceivers commit more speech errorsD. Kinesic Behaviors - More controlled and few movements (why?)E. But.. how about the “average joe” like you or me?- Can we detect deception? - Nope- people are about 50-60% accurate- Interestingly, even professional lie catchers rarely do better than the “average” college student that has been studied in most past research!- The Best?- U.S. Secret Service (only group shown to be significantly better than