Comm 1000 1st edition Lecture 11Outline of last lecture l. Dialectical perspectivell. Love styleslll. Dominance and PowerlV. Proximity/ geographic closenessV. Similarity attracts, not opposite Vl. Situations modify attraction Outline of current lecture Vll. Context: Climate or social-psychological contextVlll. Kapp’s Life cycle model lX. Duck’s Stage Current LectureVll. Context: Climate or social-psychological context A. Confirmation and disconfirmation 1. Every message has content and relationships dimension2. Messages imply a certain relationship by their phrasing 3. Confirming messages cause the receiver to value him/herself more.4. Disconfirming messages cause the receiver to value him/herself less5. Not all messages should be confirmingB. Climates - Confirming Climates have messages that:- Acknowledge the person- Provide an authentic response to other- Focus listening- Disconfirming climates have messages characterized by:- Impervious responses (ignoring)- Interrupting responses (break in)- Tangential responses (go off topic)- Impersonal response (disengagement)- Disagreement focusing on person (rather than ideas)C. Supportiveness and defensiveness- Defensiveness is a response to not being accepted for who we are - Defensiveness is a behavior use o protect ourselves from what we perceive s a threat- Gibb list six categories of supportive/defensive climatesDefensive- Evaluation - Control - Strategy- NeutralityComm 1000 1st edition- Superiority- Certainty Supportive- Description - Problem Orientation - Spontaneity - Empathy - Equality - Provisionalism - Empathy is related to supportiveness- Trust (built through supportiveness) is related to all five outcomes/intents of communication [understanding, pleasure, attitude influence, improved relationships, and action]D. Affection and control are two primary relationship dimension 1. Affection is the love/ hate aspect of the relationship (tender/loving to hostile/aggressive)2. Control is the dominance/submission dimension (exploitative/domineering to dependent/self-effacing).3. Behavior on the affection dimension tends to elicits similar responses (liking elicits liking) 4. Behavior on the control dimension tends to elicit complementary responses (submission elicits dominance)5. Without agreement over control, it is continually renegotiated 6. Affection and control are independent dimension and not automatically related in any pairings E. Chilling affect- Idea that person with greater power ‘encourage’ other person into silence- I.E. powerless person doesn’t bring up issues that are a problem. Vlll. Knapp’s Life Cycle Model 1. Communication plays a different function in each part of the cycle2. Cycles are sequential but may regress or stop at any stage3. Two cycles are coming together and coming apart. A. Knapp’s Life Cycle Model- Stage 1 - Coming together has five stages of gradual relationship growth - Initiating (show interest in communicating)- Experimenting (sample topics to learn about other)- Intensifying (beginning of intimacy/self-disclosure)- Integrating (persons consider themselves a unit)- Bonding (a formal ritualizing of relationship)B. Relational De-escalation - Frequently, one party ‘decides’ to end it before the other - We call them the ‘leaver’ and the ‘left’- Can happen suddenlyComm 1000 1st edition- ‘Sudden death’ Catastrophe Theory (math/psych)- Or gradually - ‘Fading away’C. Sudden death vs. Fading - Sudden death can happen:- 3rd parties- Other major changes: job, school- Fading away happens due to many relational factors - Many involve poor communication D. Reasons for Dissolution - Loneliness in the relationship - Decrease in stimulation/ interest - Third party - Relational changes (psychological, behavioral)- Undefined expectations- Financial - Inequitable distribution of rewards and costs E. Knapp’s life cycle model-stage 2 - Coming apart involves stages of decreasing intimacy - If intimacy is high, justification for termination are needed- Knapp offers five stages of deterioration- Differentiating (focus shifts to differences over similarity)- Circumscribing (reducing frequency/intimacy of contact)- Stagnating (communication more like that of strangers)- Avoiding (physical or psychological separation)- Terminating (end of relationship)- Steps can be skipped in the process- Steps can be applied to both male/female and same sex relationships IX. Duck’s Stages A. Duck focuses on what the individual is doing during relational de-escalation B. Duck’s Four Relationship Dissolution Phases1. Intrapsychic (partner(s) focusing internally on problems; being to complain to others)2. Dyadic (confrontation; discussion of issues)3. Social (talk to others about breakup; seek support for decision)4. Grave dressing (look to others for justification of breakup; create account of relationship C. Maintaining relationships is work - Relationship maintenance is the process of maintaining close and satisfying relationships.- Often fail to realize relationships require work.- Strategies include disclosures, expressions of commitment, constructive conflict, and even lying.Comm 1000 1st edition- Maintenance is achieved primarily through talk - Even “trivial” talk is important (theory?)- Meanings are created and shared through this talk- Openness is cyclical (partners match each other’s levels of openness)- Mutual openness is linked to satisfaction - Cycles fluctuate more if the relationship is deteriorating - Intimacy through personal idiom (pet names, secret sex words, private codes)- Playful communication my promote intimacy and help in managing difficult situations- Researchers identify five maintenance strategies in romantic relationships- Positivity (being cooperative, optimistic, not criticizing)- Openness (encouraging and providing self-disclosure)- Assurance (stressing commitment to the other)- Networks (spending time with common friends)- Task (sharing tasks