STARTSTARTFOUNDATIONSFOUNDATIONSHow-to 1How-to 1FORMATIONFORMATIONHow-to 2How-to 2SYSTEMSSYSTEMSPROBLEMSPROBLEMSBIOCHEM GENETICS GENOMICSMOL. BIOSTEM CELLS,CLONINGREC. DNACELL TYPE 3DSTRUCTURECELL BIOLVIRUSESCANCERHUMANDISEASELIFELIFENERVOUSSYSTEMSBIOLOGYFUTUREFUTUREIMMUNEWorld MortalityWHO 2000Communicable diseases 17,380,000Acute lower respiratory 3,963,000HIV/AIDS 2,673,000Diarrhoeal diseases 2,213,000Tuberculosis 1,669,000Malaria 1,086,000Measles 875,000Tetanus 377,000Pertussis 295,000Meningitis 171,000Syphilis 153,000Slide 2 - 7.013 - 5/3/07 History of Selected Human Diseases2000BC 1000BC1000AD2000ADsmallpoxplaguetuberculosismalariaAIDSmeaslesSlide 3 - 7.013 - 5/3/07 Edward Jenner inoculating 8-year-old James Phipps with cow pox (1796)Slide 4 - 7.013 - 5/3/07Figure 1-33These infectious diseaseshave been controlled throughlarge-scale vaccinationprograms. Vaccination giveslong-term immunity againstthese infectious agents.Slide 5 - 7.013 - 5/3/07 Fig. 18.2Cells of the hematopoietic systemRed blood cellsPlateletsMast cellsMonocytesMacrophageMyelocytesBasophilsGranulocytesNeutrophilsMegakaryocytesPlasma cellsB cellsT cellsSlide 6 - 7.013 - 5/3/07 Fig. 18.1Organs of Hematopoietic SystemSlide 7 - 7.013 - 5/3/07 Innate Immunity: Skin is a Protective OrganSlide 8 - 7.013 - 5/3/07Innate Immunity: Macrophage Eating BacteriaSlide 9 - 7.013 - 5/3/07 Fig. 18.6Antigen: an Entity that Provokes an Immune ResponseAn antigenic protein contains multiple epitopes, sites thatcan be recognized and bound by an antibody molecule.Slide 10 - 7.013 - 5/3/07 Antigen: an Entity that Provokes an Immune ResponseThis Ebola Virus protein is an antigen. It carries dozens of potential epitopes, each oneof which is composed of a set of amino acids and might function to provoke an immune response. Peptide epitopeSlide 11 - 7.013 - 5/3/07 Fig. 18.10Antibody structureThe T cell receptor (TCR)Immunological RecognitionSlide 12 - 7.013 - 5/3/07Salmonella typhimiriumMycobacterium tuberculosisListeria monocytogenesStaphyloccocus aureusPathogen Diversity-vast numbers of viruses and bacteria -new pathogens emergingHIV-1Influenza Virus AEchovirusHerpes VirusesPlasmodium falciparumSlide 13 - 7.013 - 5/3/07 Figure 1-20Antibody Diversity: Variable regionsSlide 14 - 7.013 - 5/3/07 Generation of Immunological DiversityEach B-cell produces SPECIFIC Antibodies= the product of a uniquely rearranged heavy chain gene & a uniquely rearranged light chain geneEach T-cell produces SPECIFIC TCRs= the product of a uniquely rearranged TCR!gene & a uniquely rearranged TCR" geneSlide 15 - 7.013 - 5/3/07 Fig. 18.191…6An unrearranged antibody heavy chain geneSlide 16 - 7.013 - 5/3/07B Cells Circulate in the Blood and Crank Out AntibodiesNote extensive endoplasmic reticulum for processing proteins destined for secretion.Slide 17 - 7.013 - 5/3/07 Fig. 18.7Clonal SelectionProliferationDifferentiationSlide 18 - 5/3/07 Immunological MemorySlide 19 - 7.013 -
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