STARTSTARTFOUNDATIONSFOUNDATIONSHow-to 1How-to 1FORMATIONFORMATIONHow-to 2How-to 2SYSTEMSSYSTEMSPROBLEMSPROBLEMSBIOCHEM GENETICS GENOMICSMOL. BIOSTEM CELLS,CLONINGREC. DNACELL TYPE 3DSTRUCTURECELL BIOLVIRUSESCANCERHUMANDISEASELIFELIFENERVOUSSYSTEMSBIOLOGYFUTUREFUTUREIMMUNEFig. 19.12Antibody-assisted Engulfment / OpsonizationSlide 2 - 7.013 - 5/7/07 Figure 9-22In the serum of an immune individual, antibody molecules bind to the surface of virus particles and prevent them fromadsorbing to the surface of target cellsvirus particles(virions)antibody moleculespotential host cellsSlide 3 - 7.013 - 5/7/07 T cellprecursorImmatureT cellHelper Tcell (TH cell)Cytotoxic Tcell (TC cell)TCRCD8CD4TCR generearrangementT cell developmentSlide 4 - 7.013 - 5/7/07The T cell receptor (TCR)Figure 19.14Slide 5 - 7.013 - 5/7/07 Adapted from Fig. 19.16endosomelysosomeCD4TCRTH CellPathogen/AntigenInfected cells can present internalized proteins: presentationof peptides by MHCpeptidefragmentsSlide 6 - 7.013 - 5/7/07 MHCMHCFig. 19.17The TCR-MHC complex(MHC Class I orMHC Class !II)(CD4 or CD8)(7-11 aa peptide)Slide 7 - 7.013 - 5/7/07 Fig. 19.17AntigenPresentingCellHelperT cells (TH cell)Slide 8 - 7.013 - 5/7/07Adapted from Fig. 19.18TH cell (CD4) activation by an antigen presenting cell (APC)cytokinesmemoryTH cellscytokinesPathogen/AntigenSlide 9 - 7.013 - 5/7/07 Adapted from Fig. 19.18TH cell stimulating B cell activation, proliferation, differentiation memoryB cellscytokinesPathogen/AntigenSlide 10 - 7.013 - 5/7/07 CD8Pathogen proteinsInfectingpathogen(e.g., a virus)Adapted fromFig. 19.18MHC Class I Protein Complex presents antigens made within the cell to CD8+ TC cellsPeptidefragmentsof pathogen proteinsSlide 11 - 5/7/07 Adapted from Fig. 19.18CD8TC cell activation by a virally-infected cell memoryTC cellsInfectingpathogen(e.g., a virus)Slide 12 - 7.013 - 5/7/07Adapted from Fig. 19.18Perforins,GranzymeInfected cells with holesblown in membrane ANDundergoing apoptosisSlide 13 - 7.013 - 5/7/07 Summary of Immune ResponsesCD4+CD8+YYYYYB cellm!CD8+killer T cellYYYYYYYYYantibodiescancerousvirally infectedbacteriaparasitescytokines“Bubble Boy” With Severe Combined ImmunodeficiencyLOSS OF BOTHB AND T CELLSDiabetes (type I) is caused when an individualdevelops CTLs that attack and kill their own beta cells inthe islets of the pancreas. Beta cells produce insulin,which is involved in glucose uptake. Their absence leadsto diabetes.Autoimmune diseases: Self versus
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