BIOL 1103 1st Edition Lecture 7 Outline of Last Lecture II Cholesterol a Saturated and trans fats b Hydrogenation III Steroids IV Phospholipids V Protein Structure Outline of Current Lecture VI History of the Cell VII Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes VIII Cell Parts and Nucleus Current Lecture History of the Cell o Van Leeuwenhoek father of microbiology o Hooke was first to apply the word cell to biology did so in his writings Micrographia o Transmission Electron Microscope is most significant piece of equipment to look at cells o With exception of viruses every form of life is a cell or comes from cells o Cells come into existence through activity of other cells Prokaryotes vs eukaryotes o Prokaryotes bacteria without nuclei o Eukaryotes have membrane bound nucleus protists fungi plants animals o Bacteria existed one billion years before eukaryotes o Free living bacteria are probably the ancestors of mitochondria found in eukaryotes o In eukaryote DNA mitochondria and chloroplasts are circular o Bacteria is significantly smaller than eukaryotes o Bacteria may not need oxygen anaerobic prokaryotes o Principles of eukaryotes Nucleus Organelles mitochondria chloroplasts These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Cytosol cytoplasm Cytoskeleton Plasma membrane Cell parts nucleus o Nucleus is so important because it contains DNA o Nuclei have double membranes called envelopes o Nuclear pore protein embedded in envelope o Nucleolus ribosomal subulance o Chromosomes are not visible until a cell divides or undergoes mitosis o Organelles carry out special functions such as energy transferring and material recycling o Cytoskeleton network of protein filaments o Plasma membrane is outer lining o Outer membrane of nuclear envelope is continuous with endoplasmic reticulum o Cell wall of plants comes from Golgi apparatus Golgi complex is not present in plant cells o Mitochondria function to extract energy from food and transform energy to ATP Found in all eukaryotic cells Water carbon dioxide and ATP produces in mitochondria All living things use ATP o Active muscle cells have the most mitochondria because they need ATP the most o Plants cells have three structures not found in animal cells Cell wall gives plants their structure Central vacuole Chloroplasts slightly larger than mitochondria and where photosynthesis takes place o Central vacuole stores nutrients and waste products o Cell wall helps regulate retention and intake of water o During photosynthesis water carbon dioxide and minerals go in and sugar and oxygen come out
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