BIOL 1103 1st Edition Lecture 5 Outline of Last Lecture II Carbon a Mitochondrial Processes and Plant Processes III Functional Groups IV Carbs and Nutrition Outline of Current Lecture V ose Sugars VI Calories VII Lipids Current Lecture If an example of a monomer is amino acid the polymer example is a polypeptide or protein If an example of a monomer is a nucleotide the polymer example is nucleic acid Sugars o Lactose intolerance when the small intestine does not produce enough lacTASE enzymes to digest lacTOSE the sugar found in dairy products Glucose galactose lactose o Maltose malt sugar disaccharide made from barley starch and fermented by yeast to make beer Dehydration synthesis with maltose water is removed between monomers and a new bond is formed to make maltose digestion undoes this process by adding water and dissolving maltose into two molecule of glucose o Disaccharides sugars Glucose glucose maltose malt sugar Glucose fructose sucrose table sugar Glucose galactose lactose milk sugar o Polysaccharides complex sugars Starch Glycogen Cellulose Chitin These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute o o o o Human livers contain glycogen also called animal starch Cellulose makes up plant cell walls humans cannot digest it Chitin makes up cell walls of fungi and the exoskeleton of arthropods High fructose corn syrup any group of corn sugars that has undergone enzymatic processing to convert some glucose into fructose to produce desired sweetness HFCS 55 found in soft drinks is 55 fructose and 42 glucose Studies show that obesity rises with use of HFCS Calories o Calories are the amount of energy or heat that it takes to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree C o Gallon of gas contains 31 000 000 calories o Calories on food packages are actually kilocalories 1 kcal 1000 cal o 1 g of fat 9 calories o 1 g of protein 4 calories o 1 g of carbs 4 cals o 1 g of alcohol 7 cals o 1 lb of body fat 3500 cals o McDonald s large size meal 1350 cals Lipids o Are a saturated fatty acid solid at room temp are hydrophobic hate water o Saturated fats no double bonds o Monounsaturated one double bond o Polyunsaturated many double bonds these types of fats are liquid at room temp and are usually oils o Glycerol 3 fatty acids triglyceride
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