BIOL 1103 1nd Edition Lecture 4 Outline of Last Lecture II Hydrogen Bonds and Polarity III Isotopes IV Water Molecules and Basics of pH Outline of Current Lecture V Carbon a Mitochondrial Processes and Plant Processes VI Functional Groups VII Carbs and Nutrition Current Lecture Carbon o Life is based on carbon atom o Carbon atoms squeeze together to form a diamond o Everything that was once alive is recycled through photosynthesis o Plants give off AND use oxygen o A lot of life processes are dependent upon ATP made in plant s mitochondria o Almost all things that are alive undergo cellular respiration o Our mitochondria forms water from the food we eat This is how desert animals are able to survive months without water o Carbon can link with other carbon easy to form large molecules o Carbon can form many different chemical structures rings double bond etc Functional Groups o Functional group group of atoms that confers special property on carbon based molecule Amino group acts as a base can pick up protons Phosphates acts as a base can pick up protons o Polymers include proteins carbs lipids nucleic acid o Monomers include amino acids simple sugars fatty acids and glycerol nucleotides o Monosaccharide glucose polysaccharide version cellulose Carbohydrates CH2O carbo carbon hydrate water o Carbs have two purposes Energy empty calories Structure cell walls of plants and fungi external skeleton in anthrapods o Carbs help us produce ATP o Glucose fructose galactose are all monosaccharides that share this formula C6H12O6
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