KIN 3304 1nd Edition Lecture 22 Outline of Last Lecture I Review of Exam 2 Outline of Current Lecture I Airways II Airway Generations III Physiology of Respiration IV Structure of Thorax V Pleural Space VI Pneumothorax VII Gas Exchange VIII Elastic Fibers IX Structural Interdependence X Type 1 and Type 2 Alveolar Cells XI Type 2 XII Respiratory Mechanics Picture Current Lecture I Airways a Upper respiratory tract above Adam s apple i Warm moisten air you always humidify air These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute ii Protection found here 1 Well developed lymphoid barrier check lymph nodes when sick 2 Superficial mucus barrier b Larynx closed during swallowing c Lumen of trachea hold open by incomplete C shaped cartilaginous rings i Helps to keep airway open ii Might need to know how to label this but he didn t say that we needed to d Trachea Bifurcates splits into main bronchi i Splits into left and right ii Bronchial Tree II Airway Generations a Number of airway generation to reach respiratory zone i 15 near hilum ii 2 peripheral areas b Airways get smaller but double in number CO2 is just as important in the breathing process Passive Breathing uses just the diaphragm which is the major respiratory muscle Active Breathing uses more muscles Be familiar with the muscles of inspiration and expiration but he didn t say that we needed to III Physiology of Respiration a All processes involve in uptake of O2 release of CO2 in support of whole body metabolism b 3 basic processes i 1 Mechanics of lung and thorax ii 2 Gas exchange atmosphere to alveoli iii 3 Transport of gasses in the blood c You don t have lung muscles you have respiratory muscles IV Structure of Thorax a Thorax i Provides structure protection for lungs b Allows for lung volume changes i From 1 5 2 0L to 6 8L 1 The larger the individual usually the larger the lungs ii Due to articulation of the ribs diaphragm motion c Muscles lots V Pleural Space a Lungs covered by thin visceral pleura i Normally contains a few mL of lubricating fluid b Inspiratory force of chest wall diaphragm i Transmitted to lung by negative pressure c Penetration rupture of lung surface i Pneumothorax ii Air can enter thoracic cavity VI Pneumothorax a Abnormal collection of air or gas in pleural space b Common in tall slender men VII Gas Exchange a Occurs in alveoli i When freshly inspired air comes in contact with capillary blood b Must pass through conductive airways i Some air remains in CA no exchange ii Termed anatomical dead space 1 Basically using air to push other air c Respiratory bronchioles alveolar ducts sacs and alveoli i Gas exchange in alveoli 1 Alveoli is what expands and contracts and they fill up with air VIII Elastic Fibers a Well developed b Found at every level of respiratory system c When lungs expanded i Elastic recoil returns lungs to unexpanded volume IX Structural Interdependence a Local distortion opposed by surrounding tissue i If small zone of alveoli collapses 1 Surrounding tissue stretches pulls zone back open 2 Termed structural interdependence b Along with surfactant collateral air pathways i Help prevent collapse of alveoli atelectasis X Type 1 and Type 2 Alveolar Cells a Type 1 Alveolar cells i Create air sacs b Type 2 Alveolar cells i Secrete surfactant ii Absorbs Na H2O XI Type 2 a Pulmonary surfactant i Combination of a phospholipid b Lowers surface tension TQ c Keeps alveoli from collapsing TQ XII Respiratory Mechanics Picture ON FINAL a Lung Volumes and Capacities
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