ANSC 318 1st Edition Lecture 12 Outline of Last Lecture I Feedstuff Characteristics Classifications and Carbonaceous Concentrates Outline of Current Lecture II Protein Feeds Proteinaceous Concentrates a Soybean Meal b Cottonseed Meal c Peanut Meal d Sunflower Meal e Flaxseed Meal f Canola or Rapeseed Meal III Cereal Grain By product Feeds a Millfeed Protein Sources b Distillery and Brewery Protein Sources IV Protein Feeds of Animal Origin a Meat and Bone Meal b Blood Meal c Poultry Based Products d Fish Meal V Carbonaceous Forages Roughages a Forages Cool and Warm Season Grasses b Forage Physiology c Roughages Silages VI Proteinaceous Forages Roughages a Cool and Warm Season Legumes VII Utilizing Forage Crops a Pasture Grazing Systems i Plant Species Selection Current Lecture Protein Feeds Proteinaceous Concentrates General Characteristics 35 NDF fair to high energy content 20 CP These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Oil seed Protein Feeds soybean meal cottonseed meal peanut meal sunflower meal flaxseed meal and canola meal Processed to produce vegetable oil for humans meals for animals and hulls for animals Soybean Meal SBM gold standard of plant based protein no other plant base has the same nutritional value to nonruminants oil extracted soybeans Types of SBM 44 protein SBM more hulls 7 crude fiber 50 protein SBM 3 crude fiber most abundant protein feedstuff in the US widely used in nonruminant and ruminant diets Nutritional Value best plant based protein quality moderate to high in energy low in Ca carotene vitamin D and B complex vitamins moderate to high in P Antinutritional Factors detrimental to nonruminants raw soybeans have protease inhibitors that bind enzymes like trypsin to reduce protein digestibility in small intestine heat during processing will destroy inhibitors Cottonseed Meal CSM oil extracted cottonseed typically 41 protein due to higher inclusion of hulls abundant in the south TX biggest cotton producer generally cheaper than SBM on protein basis Nutritive Value lower protein quality than SBM lower lysine conc moderate to high energy higher fiber due to inclusion of hulls lower energy for nonruminants low in Ca carotene and vitamin D high in P Antinutritional Factors glanded cottonseed has pigment glands containing gossypol bound and free most gossypol in cottonseeds is free form and can be toxic to pigs and poultry in diets inclusion of dietary iron will bind free gossypol and reduce absorption ruminant animals are less susceptible to gossypol toxicity Peanut Meal PM oil extracted peanut kernels usually 46 protein lower protein quality than SBM cost and relative protein quality make it best choice for ruminant animals low in Ca carotene and vitamin D moderate P potential for aflatoxin contamination Sunflower Meal Oil extracted sunflower seeds 34 42 protein is common moderate crude fiber lower protein quality compared to SBM moderate Ca high P better suited for ruminant diets found mainly in northern states Flaxseed Meal oil extracted flaxseed primarily in northern states 34 38 protein lower quality than SBM high in omega fatty acids alpha linoleic highest plant source of ALA moderate Ca high P better for ruminant diets used to modify fat composition Canola or Rapeseed Meal oil extracted rapeseeds can contain euric acid and glucosinolate compounds canola meal low in glucosinolates primarily in the north 35 40 protein lower but close protein quality to SBM moderate Ca high P 2nd best plant based source of good quality protein Cereal grain By product Feeds Millfeed Protein Sources high protein cereal grain corn sorghum milling by products dry or wet processes greater than 20 protein poor quality protein examples corn gluten meal germ meal Distillery and Brewery Protein Sources High protein cereal grain by products greater than 20 poor quality protein grains are cooked in water enzymatically degraded and fermented with yeast alcohol removed via distillation Distiller s Dried Grains DDG 25 30 poor quality protein moderate to high in energy higher fat than original grain High in B complex vitamins and P low in Ca Brewer s Dried Grains 25 30 moderate quality protein moderate to high energy higher fat than original High in B complex vitamins and P low in Ca Protein Feeds of Animal Origin Classes mammalian and poultry based products milk based products marine based products raw material from rendering operations bones viscera blood etc General Statements excellent protein quality protein quality effected by processing method animal based protein feeds regulated because of BSE can t feed meat and bone meal to ruminants most have more protein than soybean meal Meat and Bone Meal MBM most common feed protein of animal origin 45 55 protein rendered product from animal tissues bone hair hoof and hide trimmings AAFCO rules state that MBM must contain minimum 4 P with Ca levels not over 2 2X actual P levels large batch to batch variation of nutritive value Meat Meal fewer bones included 60 65 protein good sources of quality protein Blood Meal produced from clean fresh animal blood exclusive from all other material like hair 80 90 protein processed by high temperature short time methods such as flash ring or spray drying excellent protein quality lysine about 9 of CP very digestible 80 90 relatively expensive high in bypass protein for use in ruminant diets Poultry Based Products Hydrolyzed feather meal 85 90 protein low in methionine lysine and tryptophan limited inclusion in nonruminant diets high in UIP sometimes used as bypass protein for ruminants Poultry Based Meal 60 65 protein similar protein quality to that found in MBM Fish Meal clean dried tissue from undecomposed whole fish or fish trimmings 55 75 protein excellent protein quality very digestible high in bioavailable Ca and P relatively expensive source of protein high in UIP for ruminant diets Menhaden most common source of fish meal in US if too much is fed to nonruminants meat will be off flavored Carbonaceous Forages Roughages 10 CP 35 NDF straws wheat oat barley rye after harvest stalks corn and milo after grain harvestation hulls cottonseed peanut soybean oat Mature Grasses warm and cool season legumes silages corn silage milo silage Forbes broadleaf nonwoody plants Browse woody plants Warm Season Grasses Indiangrass switchgrass side oats gramma buffalograss lovegrass bermudagrass Tifton 85