Kines100 Exercise Nutrition and Health Last Lecture Outline Lecture 7 1 Comparing systems 2 Physiology of Aerobic Fitness Systems respiratory cardiovascular muscular Diffusion Ventilation 3 Respiratory fitness adaptation Current Lecture 1 Finish up of the heart 2 Blood Vessels 3 Blood 4 Muscle System Finish up of the heart Contractility of the heart heart beats stronger as we exercise harder trying to get as much blood in and out of the heart as possible Fitness adaptation Improve Cardiac efficiency short term decrease resting and exercise heart rate Parasympathetic Nervous System and blood volume increases get increased stroke volume Long term get morphological changes left ventricle size increases ejects blood to the rest of the body Increase diameter of coronary arteries Blood Vessels Transport blood throughout the system Types Arteries Away from moves blood away from the heart Arterioles small arteries have ability to dilate and constrict has chemoreceptors to tell when to open and close and determines where the blood goes Capillaries at the end of arterioles location of diffusion Venules small vessels formed by capillaries connect to larger vessels called veins Veins Toward heart sometimes called the 2nd pump one way valves Light headed after stopping a workout is caused by the muscle stopping its contraction which was helping the blood get back to the heart Arteriole response to exercise redistribution of blood flow to working tissue Rest 5L of blood per minute Exercise 25 L of blood per minute Fitness adaptation to Blood Vessels Increased number of blood vessels especially capillaries get increased capillary density in muscle Increased size of blood vessels arteries can increase in size as well as other vessels Blood Carry oxygen and carbon dioxide Components plasma and red blood cells hemoglobin Fitness adaptation to blood increase in volume Primarily increase in plasma Red blood cell and hemoglobin volume also increase Hematocrit red blood cell concentration decreases Blood is thinner Muscle System Burn up oxygen Components involved in aerobic metabolism myoglobin mitochondria aerobic enzymes Myoglobin muscle hemoglobin oxygen holding tank in muscle Mitochondria aerobic enzymes Response to exercise Increased oxygen consumption Increased ATP synthesis Increased caloric expenditure Need 1 L of oxygen to burn 5 calories Fitness adaptation myoglobin increases dramatically mitochondria size and number increase aerobic enzyme increases muscle capillary density increases
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