Kinesiology100: Exercise, Health and Nutrition Last Lecture Outline Lecture 23 1. Psychological Factors of Weight management2. Psychological factors of taking care of your heartCurrent Lecture 1. Heart Disease Heart Disease • Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease ◦ leading cause of death in the US (1 in 4 deaths)◦ 80million have 1 or more types of CV disease ◦ 38 million are 60years or older ◦ Good news: CV mortality trends show a general decline in deaths due to heart disease (medications, surgery, rehabilitation) • Is it an old age disease?◦ 151,000 CVD deaths under age 65◦ 32% of deaths are age 75 and under = premature death• Treatment options◦ prevention◦ medications◦ surgery◦ rehabilitation• Types◦ Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)▪ elderly, lost ventricle space, pump doesn't function anymore, space lost in the ventricle space is taken up by fatty tissue▪ caused by disease that weakens or stiffens heart muscle, or increases the oxygen demands by the body tissue beyond the capability of the heart to deliver ◦ Congenital Heart Failure▪ early in life- first year or two of life, can occur as early as fetal development ▪ Some conditions are self correcting, others require minor or major surgery to reconstruct/fix heart ◦ Coronary Artery Disease ▪ leading disease, 2/3 of all heart disease ▪ narrowing of small blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the heart ▪ associated with lifestyle • Patho-physiology and definition of terms ◦ Atherosclerosis: degeneration of artery walls involving build up and deposit of fat and fibrous plaques in intima (inner linings) of coronary artery ▪ thought of as old age disease▪ autopsies of Korean War casualty victims as young as 18-25 showed early onset of atherosclerosis ▪ emphasizes “process of degenerative changes”◦ Throughout the body▪ Heart: coronary arteries ▪ neck: carotid arteries (often major contributor to strokes)▪ Legs: intermittent clauclication (chronic leg pain)▪ Kidneys: renal arteries (major contributor to kidney failure)▪ Clinically silent ▪ Angina: pain with blockage • Heart Disease ◦ Ischemia: restricted/ lack of blood supply ◦ Coronary artery disease: caused by atherosclerosis• Symptoms◦ asymptomatic usually◦ angina or angina pectoris (chest pain)◦ Pain down the arm, nausea • Is chest pain due to heart disease?◦ Various reasons for chest pain◦ GERD~acid reflux • How to find if pain is related to heart disease◦ Detecting heart disease by a stress test ▪ monitor EKG and checking for angina ◦ S-T segment depression and angina • Heart attack◦ Myocardial infarction◦ episodic event caused by thrombus (blood clot)◦ Causes obstruction of coronary blood flow ◦ Part of myocardium which receives blood from this vessel dies due to lack of oxygen • Major vs Minor ◦ determined by location of obstruction◦ small branch of artery? Usually insignificant ◦ upper branch of artery? Significant
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