Kinesiology100: Exercise, Health and Nutrition Last Lecture Outline Lecture 24 1. Heart disease Current Lecture 1. Risk factors of heart disease Risk Factors of Heart Disease • CDC breaks risk factors for coronary artery disease into 2 categories ◦ primary◦ secondary • What does it take to become a primary?◦ Need to have a significant, direct impact ◦ modifiable ◦ Risk factors: smoking, diabetes, obesity, elevated cholesterol, high blood pressure, physical inactivity • Secondary Risk factors?◦ Many risk factors ◦ some significant-age gender ◦ some less significant but still need to be acounted for • Dose- Response relationship◦ as exposure (dose) increases, the response pattern is consistent◦ can be direct (positive) or inverse (negative) relationship◦ doesn't have to be linear (just same direction)◦ a dose-response relationship strengthens the association of risk ◦ ratio less than 3 for HDL to myocardial infarction • Want 120/80 for BP• What's the purpose for BP?◦ Systolic: changes, blood goes faster, needed for circulation ◦ BP labels: need either systolic or diastolic ▪ normal: 120/80▪ pre-hypertension: 130/85▪ boarderline hypertension: 140-159/90▪ essential hypertension: 160+/95-100• Risk of disease when multiple risk factors are present◦ risk factors don't cancel each other out ◦ create an exponential risk ◦ Synergism• exercise and prevention of heart disease ◦ indirect support ◦ fewer symptoms of heart disease◦ better survival rate of heart attack • Risk of sedentary life ◦ longitudinal study ◦ sedentary people 2x likely to die prematurely than active individuals• Direct support◦ active animals: larger, heavier, healthier heart◦ larger coronary arteries ◦ less plaque buildup in arteries • Benefits of exercise on the heart◦ improved increased levels of HDL and decreased levels of LDL◦ alters heart rate and BP◦ decreases body fatness (decreases heartwork load)• Checking out the system◦ cholesterol screen once every 5 years at the age of 20 (once every 3 years if there is a history in the family)◦ blood pressure once every year◦ Avoid Jim Fixx
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