Kines100: Exercise Nutrition and Health Last Lecture Outline Lecture 6 1. Reversibility- Adapting to reduction2. Principle of Individuality• Not considering Individuality3. Energetic of Energy• Metabolism• Catabolism• What are energy Nutrients• Cell4. Systems for synthesizing ATP5. Immediate Energy Systems6. Non-oxidative: Anaerobic Glycolytic System7. Oxidative: Aerobic Phosphorylation SystemCurrent Lecture 1. Comparing systems 2. Physiology of Aerobic Fitness• Systems- respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular • Diffusion • Ventilation 3. Respiratory fitness adaptationComparing systemsSystem Immediate Nonoxidative Oxidative Aerobic or anaerobic Anaerobic Anaerobic Aerobic Speed Very rapid Rapid SlowSubstrate ATP-CP Glucose (CHO) CHO, fat, ProteinLactic Acid NO YES NOFatigue Rate High, low capacity High, Low capacity Low, High capacity Location Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Mitochondria**** The faster you produce ATP the less capacity Physiology of Aerobic Fitness• What is it? Capacity to do fitness/aerobic activity• 2 Stage process: Oxygen supply and Oxygen consumption/expenditure • Primary Systems: Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular• Respiratory◦ Referred to as pulmonary system◦ pulmonary pertains to lungs◦ respiration refers to entire body◦ 2 processes▪ Ventilation- in/out of gases• Occurs in lungs, pertains to air flow or movement of air• V=F*tv (Tidal volume)• Breaths/minutes * Depth of each breath • 12 breaths a minute • anatomical structure: nasal passages to throat, wind pipe to lungs, brochioles▪ Diffusion- exchange of CO2 and oxygen in blood • Occurs in the lungs and in cells of body• gases move from areas of high concentration to lower concentration: Oxygen and Carbon dioxide (waste of aerobic metabolism)• Ventilation increases ◦ Frequency goes from 12 breaths a minutes at rest to very rapid breathing at rate even hyperventilation ◦ Tidal volume becomes greater until breathing rate is considerable, then levels out or even decreases ◦ curvilinear response to exercise Respiratory Fitness Adaptation• Can we train the lungs?◦ Very little lung adaptation ◦ Total lung capacity increases◦ diaphragm endurance improves • Drive to breath= Build up of Carbon Dioxide• Why not? That's how we exercise--> we don't inhale large amounts and exhale completely while working out◦ leads to side cramps → muscle fatigue of diaphragm ◦ Doesn't need to adapt to get better◦ Asthma= ventilation of the bronchials • Lung is a super organ ◦ Already large enough◦ Very little room to expand◦ they aren't the rate limiting step to aerobic exercise • Cardiovascular:◦ heart: acts as a pump, work measured as output ▪ Cardiac output (heart rate X stroke volume)▪ Proportional response between HR and work rate ▪ Stroke volume- nonlinear and flattens out: we only have a certain volume of blood inside our bodies ▪ We want increased cardio output ◦ Blood vessels◦
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