Kinesiology100: Exercise, Health and Nutrition Last Lecture Outline Lecture 25 1. Risk factors of Heart disease Current Lecture 1. Nutrition and heart disease Nutrition and Heart disease • Lipid Transport ◦ absorption◦ small intestine ◦ Mucosa ◦ Chylomicrons- dietary TG chole. To liver, deliver TG to cells • In liver: Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL)◦ delivers andogenous TG to cells (synthesized)◦ Low Density Lipoprotein *LDL)▪ delivers cholesterol to cells and arteries ▪ Atherogneic (“bad” cholesterol)◦ High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)▪ Scavenges/ picks up cholesterol from arteries and cells that don't need it ('good”)▪ returns to liver for excretion • Lipid level and risk ◦ at high risk if LDL is higher than 130 mg/dL and HDL is less than 35 mg/dL◦ total chol. Greater than 160 (HDL and LDL combined) • Diet and blood lipids◦ dietary cholesterol: indirect effect, we can synthesize → raw material → → enzyme → → cholesterol; we can turn off the pathway if we have enough ◦ Saturated fat▪ animal fat, tropical (palm/coconut)▪ High LDL and total cholesterol▪ Some people have a bigger response than others to saturated fat ◦ Polyunsaturates ▪ omega 6: most vegetable oils (lower LDL and HDL)▪ Omega 3: fish oils (decrease blood clotting) ◦ Monounsaturates▪ olive and canola oils (lower LDL, No effect on HDL)◦ Soluble Fiber▪ Lowers LDL◦ Alcohol▪ Moderate intakes increase HDL (3-9 drinks a week)• How to increase HDL◦ weight loss and exercise • Recommendations ◦ less than 10% of kcals come from sat fats◦ less than 300mg a day of cholesterol (only found in animal food)• Types of dietUS Mediterranean AsianHeart disease High Low LowFat 34.00% 35.00% 15-20%Type of fat Saturated fat Monounsats (olive) Varies (low sat fat)In choosing between replacing saturated fat, look at weigh control (mono has more kcals). Add more fruits, veggies, whole grains, legumes, lean proteins, lean meats, poultry, fish, and low fat milk• High blood pressure (Hypertension)◦ Increases atherosclerosis ◦ High sodium = high blood pressure◦ individuals vary in sodium sensitvity ◦ moderate salt intake • Dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH)◦ Control Group: 4 servings of fruit and veggies, ½ a serving of dairy ▪ K, Mg, Ca: 25%◦ Fruit and veggie group: 8.5 servings of fruit and veggies▪ K, Mg: 85%▪ Lowered Blood pressure by 7/3◦ Combination: 10 servings of fruit and veggies, 2.7 servings of dairy ▪ K, Mg, Ca: 75%▪ Lowered blood pressure by
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