1. Very simple measurePopulation Distribution1. Where do people live?2. What kind of people live where?3. Particularly relevant in field of “applied demography”a. Market researchb. Election researchc. Planning1Regional categories1. Urban-rural2. Regions – e.g., Midwest, upper-midwest3. States (primary units)4. Counties5. Cities/towns/municipalities6. Statistical areas (MSA, SMSA, LMA, etc.)7. Census blocks/tracts8. Other (e.g., zip code)2Complications1. Boundary changes2. Need to balance continuity and changing needs/realities3. Differences between residence and “sphere of activity”3Measures1. Population Density2. Location quotients3. Index of dissimilarity4. Index of redistribution5. Index of concentration4Population Density1. D=mid-year pop ÷ land area2. Problems?3. Alternativesa. D=mid-year pop ÷ inhabitable land areab. D= mid-year pop ÷ arable land area5Location quotients1. Very simple measure2. Shows extent to which characteristic of sub-region differs from that of larger region a. e.g., poverty, industry, education, etc.3.YyXxLQiii6Index of dissimilarityN1iiiD|yx|0.5Iwhat proportion of the population would have to relocate to achieve even distribution? For example, urban-rural, racial composition *Index of relocation and index of concentration are calculated in the same manner – interpretation differs7Related indices of exposureIsolation index N1iiiijmtxXxPInteraction index N1iiiijmtyXxP8Index of dissimilarity9Isolation index10Interaction index11Center of the population1. Where is the center of population gravity? 2. Basically just a weighted average of mapping coordinatesiiip/xpxand iiip/ypy3. Is now Phelps County, MO4. Can then calculate distance from centera. e.g., n)y(y)x(xDii 12Housing1. Room occupancy rate=total pop÷total # rooms2. Crowding – 1.0 or more per room3. Severe crowding – 1.5 or more per room4. US – 5.7% HH crowded, 2,7% severely crowded5. In 1940, figures were 20.2% and 9.0%6. CA and HI are most crowded13Other key housing measures1. Vacancy rates2. Housing density3. Occupancy rates4.
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