KIN 3304 1nd Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Last Lecture I The Cell II Cytoplasm III Cell Functions IV Membranous Organelles a Mitochondria b Nucleus c ER d Etc Outline of Current Lecture I Membranous Organelles cont II Lysosomes III Peroxisomes IV Plasmalemma Current Lecture I Membranous Organelles cont a Endoplasmic Reticulum i Membranous channel network in cytoplasm 1 Synthesis of secretory products storage transport ii Rough ER ribosomes bound to membrane 1 Modifies packages newly synthesized proteins iii Smooth ER no attached ribosomes 1 Lipid steroid CHO synthesis Ca2 ion storage iv Network of intracellular membranes forming hollow tubes flatsheets rounded channels cisternae v 4 Major Functions 1 Synthesis ER membrane contains enzymes that manufacture CHO steroids lipids a Stored in cisternae 2 Storages Storage synthetic molecules 3 Transport Travel within cells inside ER These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute 4 Detoxification cellular toxins absorbed by ER neutralized by membrane enzymes b Golgi Apparatus i From ER newly synthesized protein sent here ii 3 Major Functions 1 Synthesis Packaging of secretions 2 Packaging of special enzymes for use in cytosol 3 Renewal Modification of plasmalemma Lysosome Peroxisome Vesicles containing digestive enzymes Vesicles containing degradative enzymes Removal of damaged organelles pathogens Fat catabolism Neutralization of toxic compounds generated by the above II Lysosomes lys dissolve a Intracellular vesicles containing digestive enzymes b Primary lysosome contain inactive enzymes i When fused with damaged organelles secondary lysosome ii Activated secondary lysosomes contain active enzymes iii These enzymes break down lysosomal contents c Think of good house keeping i De skank the cell d Transfer vehicles moves material between cisternae i Arrives at maturing or trans face ii Here vesicles carry material away from Golgi 1 Exocytosis occurs at secretory vesicles e Figure 2 18 like popping a zit f Other Lysosomal functions i Defense against disease 1 Remove bacteria reuse organisms nutrients ii Break down muscle cell contractile proteins 1 Autolysis usually good 2 Can cause disease lysosomal storage disease a Build up of waste product disease i Hoarders III IV Peroxisomes a Absorb break down fatty acids i Enzymatic activity may form toxins H2O2 ii Other enzymes then convert to H2O iii Most abundant in liver cells 1 Remove and neutralize toxins Plasmalemma cell membrane a The outer boundary of a cell b A phospholipid bilayer i 2 distinct phospholipid layers c Each layer heads at surface tails in inside i Dissolve ions water soluble compounds cant cross lipid portion 1 Lipid tails will not associate with H2O molecules d Physical Isolation i Lipid bilayer forms a physical barrier 1 Separates inside of cell from extracellular fluid e Regulation of Exchange i Plasmalemma controls entry of ion nutrients ii Exit elimination of wastes release of secretory products f Membrane Permeability i The permeability of a membrane determines its effectiveness as a barrier ii Impermeable nothing can cross iii Freely Permeable any substance can cross iv Selectively Permeable picks and chooses 1 Plasmalemma are this type g Diffusion can be i Active requires ATP ii Passive no ATP iii Diffusion concentration gradient iv Osmosis v Facilitated Diffusion vi Likes to go from high to low concentration
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